Ch. 7 Eat Well Flashcards
body mass index (BMI)
standard measure of weight calculated by multiplying weight by 703 and dividing by the square of height measured in inches
obesity
having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater
sensory specific satiety
when only one type of food is available at a meal people eat a moderate amount of it
- if a second food is then introduced, the amount of the new food eaten will be more than if it was presented by itself
physical activity
any bodily movement produced by contraction of the skeletal muscles that increases energy expenditure above a baseline level
exercise
activity planned with the goal of improving one or more aspects of physical fitness
behavioral cueing
certain events, situations, people, locations, make act as stimuli that result in behaviors conditioned to be associated with them
(ie) when a smoker always smokes in his or her car, the car is a signal to the smoker’s body that nicotine is coming and makes smoking more likely
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
(aka) secondhand smoke
tobacco inhaled by nonsmokers who are in the presence of smokers
- passive smoking
alcohol abuse
characterized by one or more of the following:
(1) failure to fulfill major role obligations
(2) recurrent physically hazardous use
(3) recurrent alcohol-related legal problems
(4) continued use despite persistent alcohol-related social or interpersonal problems
addiction
state in which the body relies on a substance for normal functioning
binge drinkers
men who have consumed 5 or more and women who have consumed 4 or more drinks in a row @ least once during the previous 2 weeks
food preferences
biologically programmed inclinations toward certain foods
- can be modified by experiences
French paradox
the fact that most people in France have a diet that is high in fat but still have lower rates of heart disease
standard drink
12oz serving of beer (bottle or can)
5oz glass of wine
1.5oz gin, vodka, rum, or scotch
synergistic effect
phenomenon where two or more factors (ie. smoking & drinking) act together to create an effect greater than that predicted by knowing only the separate effects of the individual factors
1+1=3 not 2
The most current guide to eating, MyPyramid, was published in:
a. 1930
b. 1984
c. 1990
d. 2000
d. 2000
According to Chinese and Indian cultures, garlic, onions, most grains, alcohol, and oils are all considered:
a. cold foods
b. hot foods
c. energy foods
d. Qi foods
b. hot foods
Westernization has often been blamed for problems with obesity. Strong evidence comes from the study of Pima Indians (Ravussin et al., 1994). Which of the following results is correct?
a. Acculturated Pima Indians had the highest BMIs
b. Unacculturated Pima Indians had the highest BMIs
c. U.S. Pima Indians had the highest BMIs
d. Mexican Pima Indians had the highest BMIs
c. U.S. Pima Indians had the highest BMIs
Having more varieties of food present often leads to the consumption of more food. This phenomenon is referred to as:
a. lipid overload theory
b. sensory specific satiety
c. hypersatiation
d. hyper sensory saturation
b. sensory specific satiety
Which of the following statements about culture and eating disorders is NOT TRUE?
a. Most body image research has focused on European Americans
b. Cultures vary in ideal body shape perceptions
c. Eating disorders are primarily a problem associated with European Americans
d. Research has found no differences between Asian and European American women
c. Eating disorders are primarily a problem associated with European Americans
Which of the following is the primary carcinogenic component of smoking?
a. nicotine
b. tar
c. damage to air sacs/alveoli
d. higher lung carbon monoxide
b. tar
The standard definition of “overweight” according to U.S. medical institutions is a BMI rate that is:
a. closer to 1.00
b. above 20
c. between 25 and 29
d. over 30
c. between 25 and 29
One of the paradoxical synergistic effects of smoking relates to stress. New data show that:
a. stress can actually make a nonsmoker start to smoke
b. stress could make someone likely to drink more, and therefore possibly start smoking
c. smoking and stress are actually not related at all
d. smoking and nicotine addiction could actually make someone more stressed
d. smoking and nicotine addiction could actually make someone more stressed
The ethnic group with the highest smoking rate is:
a. African American
b. Asian American
c. Latino
d. European American
a. African American
People high in the personality traits of _________ are more at risk of becoming alcoholic.
a. neuroticism & conscientiousness
b. neuroticism & extraversion
c. extraversion & pessimism
d. pessimism & self-esteem
b. neuroticism & extraversion
