Ch. 13 Culture & Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
Framingham heart study
large-scale longitudinal study following over 5,000 residents of Framingham, MA
- has contributed to our understanding of heart disease
cardiovascular disease (CVD)
general category of diseases resulting from problems w/ the heart & circulatory system
- heart attacks
- stroke
- hypertension
- high blood pressure
(ie) coronary artery disease (CAD) & heart failure
coronary heart disease (CHD)
disease developing due to build up of combination of fat, salts & scar tissue or plaque in the arteries that supply blood to the heart
- build up can lead to heart failure or heart attack
hypertension
medical term for high blood pressure
- a condition in which the blood pressure remains chronically elevated
stroke
a type of CVD that affects the arteries leading to & within the brain
- occurs when a blood vessel to the brain is blocked either by a clot or bursts, resulting in lack of blood/oxygen to the brain (cells start to die)
fluid time
cultural orientation towards time where individuals are flexible w/ regard to time & do not expect to be someplace or start engagements or events at exactly the time specified
(ie) Spain
C-reactive protein (CRP)
a protein produced by the liver that measures general levels of inflammation
- high levels associated w/ CVD
atherosclerosis
disease caused by the accumulation of fatty substances in the blood vessels
control culture
cultures where people believe that they have absolute control of their outcomes
- similar to having an internal locus of control
neutral culture
cultures that do not sanction the open discussion of emotions
(ie) Japan
affect culture
cultures that place a premium on the display of emotions
(ie) Italy
arteriosclerosis
disease caused by the accumulation of fatty substances in the arteries
cardiovascular reactivity
changes in the heart rate & blood pressure in response to stress
- reactivity varies greatly btwn individuals
- key physiological risk factor for the development o CVD
angina pectoris
medical term for heart attacks or myocardial infarctions (or cardiac arrest)
- common symptom: chest pain
(aka) myocardial infarction
myocardial infarction
common symptom: chest pain
(aka) angina pectoris or cardiac arrest
Indo-Mediterranean diet
diet rich in whole grains, fruits, veges, walnuts & almonds
ischemia
condition in which the blood flow is restricted to a part of the body
- often lead to heart attacks
(ie) cardia ischemia occurs when blood flow & oxygen to the heart muscle is disrupted
cardiac rehabilitation program
programs to educate patients on the best way to change their lifestyles
- use combo of physical activity & social support to improve their overall functioning and prevent death
angioplasticity
treatment for cardiovascular disease involving a procedure done to open a partially blocked blood vessel so that blood can flow through it more easily
fixed time
cultural orientation towards time where individuals are exact w/ regard to time & expect to be somewhere or start events at exactly the time specified
(ie) US
constraint culture
cultures where people believe everything is in the hands of God or fate
fixed time
cultural orientation towards time where individuals are exact w/ regard to time & expect to be som
0ewhere or start events at exactly the time specified
(ie) US
constraint culture
cultures where people believe everything is in the hands of God or fate
The largest percent of deaths from cardiovascular disease is due to
a. coronary heart disease
b. stroke
c. congestive heart failure
d. high blood pressure
a. coronary heart disease
One major source of information on the course & development of heart disease is the
a. Alameda County study
b. Berkeley study
c. Framingham study
D. MacArthur study
c. Framingham study
Heart-related diseases are more common in
a. older men
b. older women
c. young adults
d. infants
b. older women
The ethnic group with the lowest number of deaths due to coronary heart disease is
a. European Americans
b. Asian Americans
c. American Indians
d. Latinos
c. American Indians
A culture that is high in _______ is more likely to have stress-related health problems.
a. collectivism
b. individualism
c. fluid time
d. constraint
b. individualism
Having high levels of ______ is one of the most important personality risk factors for CVD.
a. optimism
b. time urgency
c. hostility
d. neuroticsim
c. hostility
* related to Type A personality
The primary physiological precursor of CVD is
a. stress
b. phagocytosis
c. angina pectoris
d. atherosclerosis
d. atherosclerosis
Certain cultural groups have greater genetic predispositions of CVD than others. ________, for example, show higher blood pressure reactivity to stressful tasks.
a. European Americans
b. American Indians
c. African Americans
d. Asian Americans
c. African Americans
The number one behavior to avoid in order to minimize the risks for cardiovascular disease is:
a. bad eating
b. smoking
c. excessive drinking
d. insufficient sleep
b. smoking
The best diet to keep CVD at bay appears to be the
a. Atkins diet
b. South Beach diet
c. Indo-Mediterranean diet
d. Zone diet
c. Indo-Mediterranean diet
