Ch. 13 Culture & Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Framingham heart study

Answer 1

large-scale longitudinal study following over 5,000 residents of Framingham, MA
- has contributed to our understanding of heart disease

Question 2

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Answer 2

general category of diseases resulting from problems w/ the heart & circulatory system

• heart attacks
• stroke
• hypertension
• high blood pressure

(ie) coronary artery disease (CAD) & heart failure

Question 3

coronary heart disease (CHD)

Answer 3

disease developing due to build up of combination of fat, salts & scar tissue or plaque in the arteries that supply blood to the heart
- build up can lead to heart failure or heart attack

Question 4

hypertension

Answer 4

medical term for high blood pressure

- a condition in which the blood pressure remains chronically elevated

Question 5

stroke

Answer 5

a type of CVD that affects the arteries leading to & within the brain
- occurs when a blood vessel to the brain is blocked either by a clot or bursts, resulting in lack of blood/oxygen to the brain (cells start to die)

Question 6

fluid time

Answer 6

cultural orientation towards time where individuals are flexible w/ regard to time & do not expect to be someplace or start engagements or events at exactly the time specified

(ie) Spain

Question 7

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Answer 7

a protein produced by the liver that measures general levels of inflammation
- high levels associated w/ CVD

Question 8

atherosclerosis

Answer 8

disease caused by the accumulation of fatty substances in the blood vessels

Question 9

control culture

Answer 9

cultures where people believe that they have absolute control of their outcomes
- similar to having an internal locus of control

Question 10

neutral culture

Answer 10

cultures that do not sanction the open discussion of emotions

(ie) Japan

Question 11

affect culture

Answer 11

cultures that place a premium on the display of emotions

(ie) Italy

Question 12

arteriosclerosis

Answer 12

disease caused by the accumulation of fatty substances in the arteries

Question 13

cardiovascular reactivity

Answer 13

changes in the heart rate & blood pressure in response to stress

• reactivity varies greatly btwn individuals
• key physiological risk factor for the development o CVD

Question 14

angina pectoris

Answer 14

medical term for heart attacks or myocardial infarctions (or cardiac arrest)
- common symptom: chest pain

(aka) myocardial infarction

Question 15

myocardial infarction

Answer 15

common symptom: chest pain

(aka) angina pectoris or cardiac arrest

Question 16

Indo-Mediterranean diet

Answer 16

diet rich in whole grains, fruits, veges, walnuts & almonds

Question 17

ischemia

Answer 17

condition in which the blood flow is restricted to a part of the body
- often lead to heart attacks

(ie) cardia ischemia occurs when blood flow & oxygen to the heart muscle is disrupted

Question 18

cardiac rehabilitation program

Answer 18

programs to educate patients on the best way to change their lifestyles
- use combo of physical activity & social support to improve their overall functioning and prevent death

Question 19

angioplasticity

Answer 19

treatment for cardiovascular disease involving a procedure done to open a partially blocked blood vessel so that blood can flow through it more easily

Question 20

fixed time

Answer 20

cultural orientation towards time where individuals are exact w/ regard to time & expect to be somewhere or start events at exactly the time specified

(ie) US

Question 21

constraint culture

Answer 21

cultures where people believe everything is in the hands of God or fate

Question 22

fixed time

Answer 22

cultural orientation towards time where individuals are exact w/ regard to time & expect to be som
0ewhere or start events at exactly the time specified

(ie) US

Question 23

constraint culture

Answer 23

cultures where people believe everything is in the hands of God or fate

Question 24

The largest percent of deaths from cardiovascular disease is due to

a. coronary heart disease
b. stroke
c. congestive heart failure
d. high blood pressure

Answer 24

a. coronary heart disease

Question 25

One major source of information on the course & development of heart disease is the

a. Alameda County study
b. Berkeley study
c. Framingham study
D. MacArthur study

Answer 25

c. Framingham study

Question 26

Heart-related diseases are more common in

a. older men
b. older women
c. young adults
d. infants

Answer 26

b. older women

Question 27

The ethnic group with the lowest number of deaths due to coronary heart disease is

a. European Americans
b. Asian Americans
c. American Indians
d. Latinos

Answer 27

c. American Indians

Question 28

A culture that is high in _______ is more likely to have stress-related health problems.

a. collectivism
b. individualism
c. fluid time
d. constraint

Answer 28

b. individualism

Question 29

Having high levels of ______ is one of the most important personality risk factors for CVD.

a. optimism
b. time urgency
c. hostility
d. neuroticsim

Answer 29

c. hostility

* related to Type A personality

Question 30

The primary physiological precursor of CVD is

a. stress
b. phagocytosis
c. angina pectoris
d. atherosclerosis

Answer 30

d. atherosclerosis

Question 31

Certain cultural groups have greater genetic predispositions of CVD than others. ________, for example, show higher blood pressure reactivity to stressful tasks.

a. European Americans
b. American Indians
c. African Americans
d. Asian Americans

Answer 31

c. African Americans

Question 32

The number one behavior to avoid in order to minimize the risks for cardiovascular disease is:

a. bad eating
b. smoking
c. excessive drinking
d. insufficient sleep

Answer 32

b. smoking

Question 33

The best diet to keep CVD at bay appears to be the

a. Atkins diet
b. South Beach diet
c. Indo-Mediterranean diet
d. Zone diet

Answer 33

c. Indo-Mediterranean diet