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Health Psy > Ch. 1 Health Psychology: Setting the Stage > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Health Psychology: Setting the Stage Flashcards

1
Q

health

A

a state of complete physical, mental & social well-being

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2
Q

traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)

A

holist system of medicine & approach to health and healing

- originate in China (4000 years ago)

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3
Q

major treatments of TCM

A

(1) acupuncture

(2) use of herbs

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4
Q

Ayurveda

A

“Knowledge of Life”

ancient system of medicine that focuses on the body, sense organs, mind & soul

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5
Q

level of analysis

A

description of self (identity) depends on context

(ie) at home, I am a sister/daughter
(ie) at school, I am a student

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6
Q

biopsychosocial approach

A

approach that focuses on how

(1) biology or physiology underlying health
(2) psychology or thoughts, feelings & behavior
(3) society & culture

influences health

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7
Q

psychosomatic medicine

A

approach that focuses only on psychological and physical body influences on health
- downfall: ignore biological influences

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8
Q

behavioral medicine

A

approach that looks at relationship between behavioir, environmental context & health outcomes

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9
Q

epidemiology

A

biomedical field that studies the frequency, distribution & potential causes of different diseases with no particular focus on physical/social environment

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10
Q

morbidity

A

number of causes of diseases w/in specific time period

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11
Q

mortality

A

number of causes of death from a particular cause @ a specific time period

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12
Q

health psychology

A

an interdisciplinary subspecialty of psychology

dedicated to promoting & maintaining health & preventing/treating illness

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13
Q

focus of health psychology

A

(1) promoting and maintaining health

(2) treating and preventing illness

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14
Q

concentrations of health psychology

A

(1) stress & coping
(2) health behavior
(3) political/legislative issues of health care

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15
Q

clinical health psychology

A

a broad specialty in professional psychology that spans the 3 main segments
- clinical practitioners work in this area

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16
Q

evidence-based treatments

A

treatments that are dependent on critically evaluated research
- empirically tested

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17
Q

correlation coefficient (r)

A

statistical measure of the association between 2 or more variables

  • ranges from +1.00 to -1.00
  • closer to 1 signifies strong associations
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18
Q

direct correlation

A

relationship between two variables is tested

- distress correlated with coping style

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19
Q

partial correlation

A

relationship between 2 variables is tested while controlling for a third variable (or more)

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20
Q

analyses of variance (ANOVA)

A

assess degree of difference in two group means

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21
Q

multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA)

A

assess degree of difference in many group means

22
Q

regression analyses

A

predicts likelihood of an event on basis of known variables

23
Q

p value

A

probability that an instance will occur

- smaller value = due to chance

24
Q

logistic regression

A

predicts probability the occurrence of an event

25
Q

odds ratio

A

ratio of the odds of an event occurring in one group to the odds of it occurring in another group

26
Q

experimental design

A

design that helps determine causality

- researcher manipulates one variable and measures how changes in this variable influence another variable

27
Q

independent variable

A

manipulated variable

28
Q

dependent variable

A

variable that is not manipulated

29
Q

quasi-experimental design

A

experiment in which the independent variables are called subject variables

  • (ie) experiment based about tanning salons
  • usually unethical to perform good experiments, so this design is the only way to test
30
Q

placebo

A

inactive substance that appears similar to the experimental drug

31
Q

cross-sectional study

A

a study that studies one topic using various age groups

32
Q

longitudinal study

A

a study that studies one group of people over a long period of time

33
Q

prospective design

A

a study that follows disease-free participants over a period to determine whether certain variables predict disease

(ie) participants don’t have colon cancer now, watch them through future

34
Q

retrospective design

A

a study conducted over a period of time
- often involving many measures of the key variables

(ie) all participants have colon cancer, look @ history for etiological clues/common factors

35
Q

prevalence rates

A

proportion of the population that has a particular disease at a particular time

how many have the disease now

36
Q

incidence rates

A

frequency of new cases within a year

37
Q

absolute risk

A

a person’s chance of developing disease independent of any risk that other people may have

38
Q

Descartes

A

convinced the Catholic Church to allow human dissection

39
Q

Freud

A

started conversation of potential for psychological causes of biochemcial & psychological problems

40
Q

(Freud) Alexander & Dunbar

A

developed idea of psychosomatic (mind/body) medicine

41
Q

The most comprehensive definition of health is provided by the:

a. Biomedical model
b. Hipporcratic model
c. World Health Organization
d. International Classification of Functioning

A

c. World Health Organization

42
Q

Which of the following is the primary focus of health psychology?

a. health promotion, maintenance and recovery
b. etiology and correlates of health and illness
c. revising the health care system
d. finding the cure for diseases like HIV and cancer
e. studying patient-practitioner interactions

A

a. health promotion, maintenance and recovery

43
Q

______ refers the number of cases of disease that exist at some given point in time. ______ refers to the number of deaths due to particular causes.

a. morbidity; mortality
b. mortality; morbidity
c. epidemiology; pathogenesis
d. etiology; epidemiology
e. morbidity; etiology

A

a. morbidity; mortality

44
Q

The Greek physician best known for dissections and providing us with anatomy data was:

a. Plato
b. Galen
c. Hippocrates
d. Descartes
e. Aginostophenes

A

b. Galen

45
Q

The most common definition of health across culture is health as:

a. the absence of disease
b. spiritual happiness
c. communion with God
d. a state of balance

A

d. a state of balance

46
Q

One of the first organizations to combine medicine with psychology, started by Dunbar and Alexander was:

a. health psychology
b. society for behavioral medicine
c. psychosomatic medicine
d. mind-body institute
e. National Institute of Mental Health (NIHM)

A

c. psychosomatic medicine

47
Q

Culture is best defined as:

a. a set of beliefs shared by a group
b. race and ethnicity
c. religion, family values, and race
d. the values of our parents and family members

A

a. a set of beliefs shared by a group

48
Q

One of the most powerful predictors of health disparities in North America is:

a. sex
b. socioeconomic status
c. race
d. ethnicity

A

a. sex

49
Q

In studying about cultural differences in health, we should remember that:

a. in-group differences are often larger than between-group differences
b. between-group differences are often larger than in-group differences
c. racial differences outweigh all other cultural differences
d. most cultural differences are insignificant from a global level

A

a. in-group differences are often larger than between-group differences

50
Q

Studies where one group gets an experimental drug and another gets a placebo are called:

a. randomized clinical trials
b. correlational studies
c. quasi-experimental studies
d. longitudinal studies

A

a. randomized clinical trials

Health Psy (13 decks)

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