Ch. 6 Increasing Healthy Behaviors

Question 1

healthy behaviors

Answer 1

any specific behaviors that maintain and enhance health

Question 2

health education

Answer 2

term for the collection of efforts to teach people to liimit behaviors detrimental to their health and increase behaviors that are conductive to health
- pay attention to a range of factors

Question 3

factors health education focus on

Answer 3

1) individual relationships
2) interpersonal relationships
3) institutions
4) community
5) public policy

Question 4

Leading Health Indicators

Answer 4

most important health behaviors

Question 5

Healthy People 2020

Answer 5

a program that involves 42 topic areas with nearly 600 objectives

Question 6

transtheoretical model (TTM)

Answer 6

major theory of health behavior change that identifies common themes across different intervention theories and notes that we process through different stages as we think about, attempt to, and finally change any specific behavior

Question 7

precontemplation

Answer 7

(stage in TTM)

people are not aware that they are practicing a behavior that is unhealthy or do not intend to take any action to change a behavior (especially not in the next 6 months)

Question 8

contemplation

Answer 8

(stage in TTM)

people recognize they may be doing something unhealthy and then intend to change (w/in the next month)

Question 9

preparation

Answer 9

(stage in TTM)

people are ready to take action to change the behavior

• generate a plan
• have specific ideas of how to change

Question 10

action

Answer 10

(stage in TTM)

people are actually changing their behavior

• change has to have taken place over the last six months
• should involve active efforts to change the behavior

Question 11

maintenance

Answer 11

(stage of TTM)

people try to not fall back into performing their unhealhty behaviors or relapsing
- may still be changing their behaviors and performing new behaviors but not as often as in action stage

Question 12

termination

Answer 12

(stage of TTM)

people no longer tempted by the unhealthy behavior they have changed

Question 13

Health Belief Model (HBM)

Answer 13

one of the first theoretical approaches to studying why we behave the way that we do

Question 14

HBM concentration

Answer 14

our beliefs relating to the effectiveness, ease, and consequences of doing (or not doing) a certain behavior will determine whether we do (or do not do) that behavior

Question 15

self-efficacy

Answer 15

the conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior required to produce the outcome

Question 16

intervention

Answer 16

specific program designed to assess levels of behaviors, introduce ways to change them, measure whether change has occurred, and assess the impact the change

Question 17

According to the demographic factors discussed in class and the text, which of following individuals is most likely to practice good health behaviors?

a. Joan, a 45-year-old high school dropout who works 2 jobs to support her family
b. Janet, a 30-year-old high school graduate who is a file clerk in a small store and will be married next month
c. Doug, a divorced 50-year-old corporate attorney
d. David, a 35-year-old assistant professor who has just celebrated his eighth wedding anniversary

Answer 17

d. David, a 35-year-old assistant professor who has just celebrated his eighth wedding anniversary

Question 18

The specific field that stresses the relevance of political, economic, and social factors in health is:

a. health psychology
b. medical sociology
c. epidemiology
d. health education

Answer 18

d. health education

Question 19

Personality plays a big role in heath. For example, people high in the trait of ______ report more medical problems and more visits to the doctor.

a. conscientiousness
b. open to experience
c. extraversion
d. neuroticism

Answer 19

d. neuroticism

Question 20

According to the Health Beliefs Model, health behaviors are strongly linked to:

a. beliefs in threat
b. stages of change
c. social norms
d. age and sex

Answer 20

a. beliefs in threat

Question 21

Which of the following is not a major component of the Health Beliefs Model? Belief in:

a. susceptibility
b. consequences
c. effectiveness
d. social norms

Answer 21

d. social norms

Question 22

The theory of planned behavior focuses on a person’s:

a. attitudes toward health
b. intentions to the behavior
c. beliefs about the behavior
d. plans to change behavior

Answer 22

b. intentions to the behavior

Question 23

It is not enough to only know a person’s perceptions of what the social norms are to predict if they will change their health behavior. You must also assess their:

a. motivation to comply
b. self-efficiacy
c. age and sex
d. perception of vulnerability

Answer 23

a. motivation to comply

Question 24

As we think about changing our health behaviors, we progress through different stages. The best health psychological model to get at this is the:

a. Health Beliefs Model
b. Theory of Planned Behavior
c. Transtheoretical Model
d. Health Action Process Approach

Answer 24

c. Transtheoretical Model

Question 25

Relapsing, or falling back into performing unhealthy behaviors is the biggest problem in which stage of the Transtheoretical Model? a. termination b. contemplation c. action d. maintenance

Answer 25

d. maintenance

Question 26

To change a behavior, the very first thing a person should do is spend a week or so and use: a. self-monitoring b. operant conditioning c. classical conditioning d. self-control

Answer 26

a. self-monitoring