Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Psy > Ch. 4 Stress Across Cultures > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Stress Across Cultures Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis

A

ideal level of bodily functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

stress

A

defined in a variety of ways

an upsetting of homeostasis

a state caused when the perceived demands of the organism exceeded the resources to meet those demands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fight-or-flight theory

A

(Cannon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) activation

A

(Cannon)

produces epinephrine & norepinephrine
- changes in heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tend-and-befriend

A

(Shelly Taylor)

theory that suggests how women when faced with a stressor may either tend to infants or others and befriend other females and cultivate female bonds as opposed to fighting or fleeing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

A

(Selye & Cannon)

activates the pituitary gland that then activates the adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A

(Hans Selye)

organisms have a general way of responding to all stressors
- when faced with a stressor, the body first goes into a state of alarm, then attempts to cope during a period of resistance, and finally breaks down in a state of exhaustion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

appraisal

A

way of potentially stressful event is interpreted

- significant component of Lazarus’ psychological explanation why we get stressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

primary appraisal

A

first stage of Lazarus’ cognitive appraisal model of stress

we determine the nature of an event, whether harmful, damaging, or challenging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

secondary appraisal

A

second stage of Lazarus’ cognitive appraisal model of stress

we determine whether we have the resources to manage an event
- relates to primary appraisal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

positive valence

A

attractiveness of an event

(ie) pleasantness, relaxation, or joy

high arousal is seen as positive or useful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

spillover

A

transmission of stress from one domain of an individual’s life into other domains of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ecological theory

A

(Bronfrenbrenner)

a way of examining behavior which identifies different levels or systems in which the individual acts rather than just focusing on the individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

microsystem

A

includes the activities and roles the individual takes on in a particular setting

(ie) work and home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mesosystem

A

contains the relationships & interactions between microsystems at a specific point in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

role theory

A

a role is the set of behaviors to be performed and is determined by one’s own perceptions and the expectation of others

  • as an individual accumulates roles, the quantity and incompatibility of role demands increase
  • an individual experiences role strain that results in increased role conflict and ambiguity
17
Q

role ambiguity

A

degree to which required information regarding role expectations are available, clear, and communicated to the individual playing the role

(ie) an employee

18
Q

role conflict

A

incompatibility of expectations for a given role and between different roles

19
Q

background stressor

A

environmental stressor

crowding & noise, together with air pollution and chemical pollution

20
Q

natural disaster stressor

A

environmental stressor

short-term stressors that are often more severe than long-term stressors

(ie) flooding, earthquakes, and hurricanes

21
Q

techno-political stressor

A

environmental stressor

directly linked to technological or political causes

(ie) nuclear reactor accidents, chemical plant accidents, dam-related flooding, wars & acts of terrorism

22
Q

allostasis

A

the ability to achieve stability through change

23
Q

steps in general adaptation syndrome

A

when faced with a stressor

1) body first goes into a state of alarm
2) body attempts to cope during a period of resistance
3) body finally breaks down in a state of exhaustion

24
Q

negative valence

A

aversion of an event

(ie) sadness, fear or anger

high arousal is seen as negative

25
Q

cognitive appraisal model

A

(Richard Lazarus)

theory of why we get stressed

imbalance between the demands placed on the individual and that individual’s resources to cope

26
Q

microaggression

A

every day insults, indignities & demeaning messages sent to people of color by well-intentioned White people who are unaware of the hidden messages they are sending

27
Q

reciprocity

A

(Bronfrenbrenner)

recognition that systems are not independent of one another but are in constant interaction

28
Q

Stress is best defined as

a. negative events that tax the body
b. challenges to the body systems
c. the perception of strain
d. upsetting of homeostasis

A

d. upsetting of homeostasis

29
Q

The earliest theory of stress suggests our current response is a remnant of our evolutionary past and was developed by:

a. Walter Cannon
b. Hans Selye
c. Richard Lazarus
d. Rene Descartes

A

a. Walter Cannon

30
Q

During the fight-or-flight response, epinephrine does which of the following?

a. increases heart rate and blood pressure
b. energizes the muscles
c. converts fat into energy
d. gets oxygen into the bloodstream

A

a. increases heart rate and blood pressure

31
Q

According to Hans Selye, the ________ phase of the stress response is responsible for the physiological damage related to stress.

a. alarm
b. resistance
c. threat
d. exhaustion

A

d. exhaustion

32
Q

According to Lazarus’ cognitive appraisal model, in primary appraisal, people assess whether an event involves each of the following except:

a. fear
b. harm
c. threat
d. challenge

A

a. fear

33
Q

When a close friend is undergoing a lot of stress, we tend to feel stressed as well. We are not as affected by events taking place far off lands and to strangers. The main dimensions of stress varying in this example is:

a. duration
b. valence
c. definition
d. centrality

A

d. centrality

34
Q

Not having money to cover basic needs, divorce, living in a high crime area, being fired, having housing problems and long-term medical problems are all examples of which of the following?

a. environmental stressors
b. chronic burden
c. acute stressors
d. unpredictable stressors

A

b. chronic burden

35
Q

As someone gets stressed, heart rate increases and there will be a slight increase in perspiration. This can be seen best by measuring:

a. galvanic skin response
b. temperature
c. blood pressure
d. electroencephalograms

A

a. galvanic skin response

36
Q

Workers with boring, repetitive jobs sometimes show symptoms of nausea, headaches, muscle weakness, and blurry vision without any physical basis. This is known as:

a. deprivational stress
b. assembly-line hysteria
c. cognitive load
d. ambiguity disorder

A

b. assembly-line hysteria

37
Q

Chronic stress over time can cause wear and tear on the body. This can have serious physical and psychological consequences and is called:

a. exhaustion
b. allostasis
c. contagion
d. fatigue

A

b. allostasis

Health Psy (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions