Ch 9- Motivation And Emotion Flashcards
Facial expressions need
NEED context to (correctly or incorrectly) interpret/ decipher the emotions behind facial expressions
Have to alwyas follow your random impulses because those lead you to your fate and not when you overthink decisions
Facial expressions (culture)
Isolated cultures (no learning)- recognized emotions but the different cultures among themselves didn’t all agree
Can identify emotions but this identification is different among different cultures. (So their first identification could have been wrong)
When communicate-> gain learned associations for each other !!!BUT dont need communication to know the universal ones!!! (Biological)
When its not biological, its not social , but adaptive (reading expressions) !!!
MS: Strongest- happy and weakest- fear/disgust
!!!!! UNIVERSAL = happy and smile because everyone literally does this, its the frown = not mad thing
SUBTLE hints of learned expression
!! Be weary- happy emotions are objective cross culturally (smile muscles)
Pride expression (innate)
Since they pose similarly each time they’re proud, its innate and not learned (biologically innate)
I guess its an evolutionary caveman thing but we’ve only seen it in our society so we think its a social construct just like women’s tend and befriend
Display rules (learned rules)
Despite universal emotion - learned associations from one’s OWN cultural rules and then learned associations OF other’s
Dispaly rules - we only learn them _ we contextualize them
Identify/aware of emotions in our own cultures but ONLY when CONTEXT for the rule is clear - like in japan they easily understand that facial expression doesnt translate to emotion ESPECIALLY at dinner time all (context for the rule)
Gendered emotions
Women less likely to show anger than men (only emotion generally accepted among men)
This is difference in status than gender (patriarchal oppression reactions dont equal true nature)-!!! nature AND nurture tho (pride expression card )
Women Express emotions better (may not be necessarily because they feel emotion stronger, but because that is what they have learned that society expects of them)
Men- defensive
Emotional regulation techniques
Thought suppression- suppress neg (dont work _ you have to think about not thinking in order to suppress them and the cycle is biologically set)
Rumination- negative thinking (effect of thought suppression)
better versions. Think about neg in new ways (not suppressing)
Positive reappraisal- don’t be neg
Humor- satirical coping
Distraction- temp fix
Positive reappraisal (regulating)
Think about the negative stimulus in a new way to trick your brain into calmly integrating and molding into the new thought pattern (mix a little bit of truth to make it work tho)
Changes activity of brain regions involved in emotion (thought patterns) !!Create a new social norm and attach it to the “negative “ stimuli (create positive association)
Humor (regulating)
Never feel better than when im having a laughing fit
Lack of oxygen - increase blood pressure, circulation and
Distraction (regulating )
Temp stop thinking about negative stimulus
Watching movies is better than smoking weed
At what point does this enable addictive/ unable to cope without it symptoms? Can’t we do it responsibly?
At what point does the pain numbing start to actually disable us from being able to cope alone
Theories of emotion
James-Lange theory - bodily responses
Cannon-bard theory- brain processes info then body and emotion simultaneously responds
Two-factor theory- when my heart thrums when im high so i think i must be scared but im not
James-Lange theory
James- Afraid because we shake (body change pattern)
- body change PATTAERNS lead directly to certain emotions
Lange added- patterns of body reposinses leads to the perception of them being an emotional reaction
!!!!Biological first, then emotion directly stems from biology (here emotion is more of a spiritual thing than a biological since biological reaction is not inherently emotional- just functional which THEN leads to emotion ((isn’t emotional itself)) !!!! Spiritual _ two-factor is logical
EX: fake laughing makes you literally happy (endorphins)
When i have a smile on my face from nervousness I end up laughing and finding everything hysterical
Cannon-bard theory
Opposite of James
Emotion first, (endoprhins first) then body responds (heart rate, sweat)
Makes sense too because !!! i get anxious AND my body tenses (not “so”), i dont get anxiety because my body tenses (its all in my emotional realm)
When our emotions are hazy and seriously mixed up, our body has same response (heart rate for happy and sad), so mind and body experience emotions APART from each other
Biology is just in its biology realm and emotional realm isn’t, but emotion happens first , but they are seemingly cause and effect but no SPECIFIC emotion leads to it. ^^^^
Processed in Subcortical regions-!!! emotion produced in cortex and physical reactions happen at SAME TIME but NOT TOGETHER (no specific emotion causates with tensing since they all just correlate with tension)
!! It correlates because of the whole autonomic response thing
Two factor theory (physiological def )
Physiological response (body response)
Interpret bodily response LEADS to emotion made
This is different because it requires you to actually process it mindfully whereas with James it simply occurs to its own accord
EX: whatever you believe caused the response (canon) BASED ON CONTEXT is what you will LABEL the emotion
Using wrong emotional label- misattribution of arousal (you were scared but you thought it was love- toxiccc)
So you explain it with words -> emotions -> body
Classical conditioning of emotions (food)
Conditioned time of day that creates learned response (hungry)
Affect physiological systems that increase hunger
Familiarity (food)
GENERALLY we continue to eat foods we were raised with
EVOLUTIONARY: unfamiliar foods may be poisonous or make you sick- we need to be classically conditioned to like them in the FIRST place (also MODELING safe food)
Cultural (food)
MOTIVATION to eat is based on cultural expirnces
Animals we eat (even objects) is totally subjective (we just don’t eat dogs in our particular culture)
Religiously- Hindus dont eat sacred beef
Ethnically- moving to new country but carry food preferences with you
Flavor (food)
Biological preference fro sweetness as opposed to the most bitter sour and acidic flavors (fruits evolutionary , not candy)
Diets of sugar vary from culture to culture (Americans eat dessert for breakfast)
NEED variety of flavors to keep eating, literally. Also due to texture and complimentary expireces
Sustain behavior (motivational state)
Helps you keep your drive for a goal (see something out all the way to the end)
Persistent thing that makes you even more determined to reach goal (
