Ch 13- Self And Personality Flashcards
Final
6 per chapter - 90
Asking yourself who you are / SELF concept
Psychical body and conscious awareness of being unique from others
Everything you think about yourself pertaining to these
Gen z :
Gender and age
Student status
Interpersonal style (shy, firenlcy)
Personal characteristics (Optimistic, mood)
Self schema (quick!)
What you use to conceptualize yourself
COHESIVE beliefs, memories, and generalizations
Ego!!! - we fixate especially on things that pertain to us and feed our ego
Concepts most related (family schemas) overlap with the “self”
Those related but not that much to yoru sense of self is farther away - solid line
Dotted - weak
No line - no relation to self
Brain and self (self schema)
Middle of frontal lobes -> think about self
Damage -> limit self awareness
Working self concept (short and limited !)
Its being active in the moment
INDIVUDUATION
When a certain aspect of yourself is standing out, those will be working more in the moment
(Brown in white crowd- suddenly youre all aware of it)
(Shy in loud girl group- yeah)
Social comparisons
Downward (high self esteem- its down because they mainly compare to those lower than them)
- Temporal comparison- form of downward - current self is better than former self (internal and no peasants hurt in this process)
Upward (low because they mainly compare to upper beings- they COULD follow downward behavior and gain that outlook, then they’d be self confident too)
Cultural on SELF (not personality )
(Eastern) Collectivist- Collective self of social roles and relationships : ethnic groups, family, CONFOMRITY to societal norms and overall group cohesiveness
(Western cultures - New Zealand) - individualist - self expression and diversity
Personality
SO COMPLEX we are
Sigmund Freud - psychodynamic theory of personality
Unconscious forces determines behavior -> infleucnce personality
Factors that play into bCEOMING conscious level
ID- operates to pleasure principle and LIBIDO - most basic level
super ego- breaks id - reflect internalization of societal and parental standards of conduct !!! Think about socially acceptable things to fulfill you, but not rationalizing !! - preconscious as content that isn’t currently in awareness but CAN be
Ego - mediates between these 2 - responsive to rules of superego and id - relies on reality principle - rational thought and problem solving HIGHEST conscious level
Humanistic approaches
Your unique goodness, growth and self understanding on personality through self actualization
Rogers - person centered approach (therapy)
Sociocognitive approaches (Julian rotter)
Expectancy theory - behaviors result from how we think about two different thinsg (personality)
- values we assign to reinforcers
- reinforcements (expecting them !!)
WO4- x personality tendencies are not behaviors that can predict peronality here
Locus of control
External locus - you have no control over yoru rewards and punishments
Internal locus- you do
Albert bandura - peronslaity and situation - behavior (!! How you act )
3 - current environ on hwo you act
Multiple person factors (self confidence and expectations
Hwo behavior affects current envir.
Since personality is explained by all 3 INTERACTING -> reciprocal determinism
Five factor theory of traits
Continuum - MOST in middle and MOST at extremes
Perosnatu (no order)
O Openness to expir.s
C Conscientiousness
E Extraversion
A Agreeableness
N Neuroticism
Eysenck’s trait theory- same as this pretty much but not as important
Behavior importance
We rely on this because ppl think peronsality translates to this which makes sense because even if you’re introverted in public - you still act in ways at home that define your insides
Reticular activiikng system
Arousal -> processing in reticula activating system
Affects alertness cuz it STARTS and it terminates different stages of sleep
Eysenick arousal
Extroverts- low levels
Introvert- chronically over aroused -highER levels of arousal and so they , they look for different ways to calm down
Temperament (biology)
Personality and temperament are INTERRELATED
Temperament is personality (typical thoughts and emotions) but biological structure of it
Innate structure (14 months- predicts into way further in life)
Influenced by genes
1 activity level - hwo active we are
2. Emotionality- degree of emotion reactions
3. Sociability- how many friends we make
Personality assessments
Projective measures- unconscious (ppl tell stories about ambitious stimuli)
- Rorschach ink blot test ->SUPPOSED to reveal unconscious desires- but doesnt work at diagnosing disorders
- Thematic apperception tets- achievement, power and affiliation - motivations and concerns - how dependent ppl are on other people
Self -report measures - reponding to questionnaires but not trying to unearth unconscious - NEO personality inventroy (240 items)
- NEO : self report on survey what they’d describe their traits as - 5 factor traits
- Naturally ocrurring - using TECH to detail interctaions (conversations adn auditory info)
- Observational methods- observe personality actually predicts ppls behaviors
- blind spot - our friends analyze us better _ we want to feel like we know that we are super funny and never awkward
- also we may be to busy analyzing other ppl to be self aware
Situationist
Behaviors are more situational than dispositional
Trait
Role of consistent patterns of though behavior and emotion on personality
Twins and genetic personality
WO4- X half of personality comes from genes
- from person to person differences in traits -> genes explain half of why ppl differ like this (not fully “why)”
- ENV determines which genes are expressed !!
WO4- X one specific gene 4 a single trait
- 100s combined
More in i. D e n t i c a l - higher than regular sibling s
When raised in same house but not related -> age, middle child, getting friends outside home
!! Biological children and parents share genetic component of personality - so you cant rlly change it through a parenting style
Parental style of proper socialization influences how they behave, but not their genetic personality
Self esteem
Evaluative aspect of our sense of self
5 factor theory
Eysenck
Predict satisficatom with marriage, job, and life
Traits in children too
Score high or low personality yon each factor
Biological basis -> basic tendencies in personality
Ppl become more agreeable and conscientious as they age
Interactionism (Situational personalities)
WO4- parties are places to be yourself i guess since differences in personality can be displayed
Weak - discourage your personality to shine
WO4- elevators are strong
Defense mechanisms (Ana frued)
Repression - pushing down traumatic event
reaction formation - ward off uncomfortable thought by overemphasizing opposite (schoolyard crushes)
Rationalize- LOGICAL response to excuse bad behavior
Protection- project your bad thing on someone
Denial - no way that’s true - let me try it one more time because I have even a little more hope for something different to come of this!!
Unconditional positive regard
Carl rogers - supportive therapeutic environment to deal with the problems as the client understands them
