Ch. 9 - Cell Interactions Flashcards

1
Q

the process by which cells can detect, interpret, & respond to signals in their environment

A

Cell Communication

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2
Q

being able to respond to change at the cellular level

A

Cellular Response

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3
Q

enable cells to pass ions, signaling, molecules & other materials between the cytosol of one cell and the cytosol of the other

A

Direct Intercellular Signaling

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4
Q

molecules that are bound to the surface of a cell & provide a signal to other cells that make contact with the surface of the cell

A

Contact-Dependent Signaling

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5
Q

cell secretes signaling molecules that bind to receptors on its own cell surface & on the surfaces of neighboring cells of the same cell type; senses cell density

A

Autocrine Signaling

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6
Q

specific cell secretes a signaling molecule that does not affect that cell but instead influences the behavior of target cells in close proximity; short duration

A

Paracrine Signaling

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7
Q

excrete hormones into the bloodstream; long distances

A

Endocrine Signaling

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8
Q

molecules involved in long-distance signaling

A

Hormones

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9
Q

receptors found in the plasma membrane

A

Cell Surface Receptors

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10
Q

enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a specific amino acid in a protein

A

Protein Kinases

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11
Q

seven transmembrane segments that wind back and forth through the plasma membrane; interact with G-proteins; bind GTP and GDP

A

G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

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12
Q

ion channels are proteins that allow the diffusion of ions across cell membranes; important in the transmission of signals between neurons & muscle cells & between two neurons

A

Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

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13
Q

extracellular signaling molecule must diffuse through the plasma membrane to gain access to its receptors; turns on the transcription of specific genes

A

Intracellular Receptor

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14
Q

category of enzyme-linked receptors that are found in all animals & also in choanoflagellates

A

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

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15
Q

signaling molecule that promotes cell division

A

Growth Factor

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16
Q

phosphorylated form of the EGF receptor is first recognized by arelay protein of the signal transduction pathway called Grb; changes conformation of Grb & binds to another protein

A

Relay Proteins

17
Q

the phenomenon in which one or more components of one signal transduction pathway affects a different signal transduction pathway

18
Q

programmed cell death

19
Q

activation of death receptors on the cell surface

A

Extrinsic Pathway

20
Q

complex between the death receptors, adaptors, and initiator procaspase

A

Death-Inducing Signaling Complex

21
Q

an active one functions as a protease

22
Q

an enzyme that digests other proteins

23
Q

activated by initiator caspase & responsible for digesting intracellular proteins and causing them to die

A

Executioner Caspase

24
Q

stimulated by DNA change that could cause cancer

A

Intrinsic Pathway

25
The interactions that do not involve direct contact between cells
Indirect Intercellular Attachments
26
The junctions between two cells in the epithelial membrane
Tight Junctions
27
A structure by which two adjacent cells are attached, formed from protein plaques in the cell membranes linked by filaments
Desmosomes
28
Multiprotein complexes that create the stable adhesion of basal epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
29
Aggregates of intercellular channels that permit direct cell-cell transfer of ions and small molecules
Gap Junctions
30
A narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells and allows communication between them
Plasmodesmata