Ch. 8 - Photosynthesis

Question 1

regions on the surface of the Earth and in the atmosphere where living organisms exist

Answer 1

Biosphere

Question 2

must consume food to sustain life

Answer 2

Heterotrophs

Question 3

sustain themselves by producing organic molecules from inorganic sources such as CO2 and H2O

Answer 3

Autotrophs

Question 4

autotrophs that use light as a source of energy to make organic molecules

Answer 4

Photoautotrophs

Question 5

organelles found in plants and algal cells that carry out photosynthesis

Answer 5

Chloroplasts

Question 6

pigment that gives plants their green color

Answer 6

Chlorophyll

Question 7

tissue in the internal part of the leaf contains cells with chloroplasts; must receive light, H2O, and CO2

Answer 7

Mesophyll

Question 8

pores where CO2 enters and O2 exits

Answer 8

Stomata

Question 9

third membrane that contains pigment molecules

Answer 9

Thylakoid membrane

Question 10

flattened, fluid-filled tubules in the thylakoid membrane

Answer 10

Thylakoids

Question 11

a single compartment that is enclosed by thylakoids

Answer 11

Thylakoid lumen

Question 12

a structure where thylakoids stack on top of each other

Answer 12

Granum

Question 13

fluid-filled region of the chloroplast between the thylakoid membrane and the inner membrane

Answer 13

Stroma

Question 14

distance between the peaks in a wave pattern

Answer 14

Wavelength

Question 15

wavelengths from 380 nm to 740 nm

Answer 15

Visible Light

Question 16

discrete particles between the peaks in a wave pattern

Answer 16

Photons

Question 17

another type of pigment found in chloroplast; yellow to orange to red

Answer 17

Carotenoids

Question 18

graph that plots a pigments light absorption as a function of the light’s wavelength

Answer 18

Absorption spectrum

Question 19

plots the rate of photosynthesis as a function of the wavelength of light

Answer 19

Active spectrum

Question 20

found in thylakoid membrane; composed of several dozen pigment molecules that are anchored to transmembrane proteins; directly absorb photons of light

Answer 20

Light harvesting complex

Question 21

quickly remove the high energy electron from P680* and transfer it to another molecule, where the electron is stable; replace the electron that is removed when P680* becomes P680+ (replaced with low-energy electron from water)

Answer 21

Reaction Center

Question 22

primary electron acceptor

Answer 22

Pheophytin

Question 23

model that shows an electron proceeding through a series of energy changes during photosynthesis

Answer 23

Z scheme

Question 24

Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in plants and algae?

Answer 24

stroma of chloroplasts

Question 25

Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in plants and algae?

Answer 25

cytoplasm

Question 26

stage 1; CO2 is incorporated into RuBP, a five-carbon sugar

Answer 26

Carbon Fixation

Question 27

6-carbon intermediate that immediately splits in half to form 2 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate

Answer 27

product of carbon fixation

Question 28

enzyme that catalyzes the steps in carbon fixation

Answer 28

rubisco

Question 29

ATP is used to convert 3PG to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate; electron from NADPH reduces 1,3-BPG to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P); 12 G3P molecules are made at the end of phase 2 and only 2 of these G3P molecules are used in carbohydrate production

Answer 29

Reduction and Carbohydrate Production

Question 30

converts the 10 G3P molecules into 6 RuBP molecules, using 6 molecules of ATP; after the RuBP molecules have been regenerated they serve as acceptors for CO2, thereby allowing the cycle to continue

Answer 30

Regeneration of RuBP

Question 31

the incorporation of CO2 into 3PG via RuBP is the only way for carbon fixation to occur; ~85% of the plant species on Earth

Answer 31

C3 Plants

Question 32

uses O2 and liberates CO2

Answer 32

Photorespiration

Question 33

first product of carbon fixation is a molecule with 4 carbon atoms

Answer 33

C4 Plants

Question 34

molecule with four carbon atoms; can avoid photorespiration

Answer 34

Oxaloacetate

Question 35

ex. cacti, bromeliads, and sedums; to avoid water loss, they keep their stomata closed during the day and open at night

Answer 35

CAM Plants