Ch. 5 - Membrane and Transport Learning

Question 1

half of a phospholipid bilayer

Answer 1

Leaflet

Question 2

one or more regions that are physically embedded in the hydrophobic interior; stretches of non-polar amino acids that span the membrane from one leaflet to the other

Answer 2

Transmembrane Proteins

Question 3

lipid molecule that is covalently attached to an amino acid side chain within the protein; integral membrane proteins

Answer 3

Lipid-Anchored

Question 4

no interaction with the hydrophobic interior; bound to regions of integral membrane proteins that project out from the membrane and/or they are bound to the polar head groups of phospholipids

Answer 4

Peripheral Membrane Proteins

Question 5

movement of membrane components occurs only in two dimensions

Answer 5

semifluid

Question 6

group of lipids that float together as a unit within a larger sea of lipids

Answer 6

lipid raft

Question 7

two fatty acids, one glycerol molecule, one phosphate, and a polar head group

Answer 7

phospholipid

Question 8

extract a lipid from one membrane, diffuse through cell, & insert the lipid into another membrane

Answer 8

Lipid Exchange Proteins

Question 9

process of covalently attaching a carbohydrate to a lipid or protein

Answer 9

Glycosylation

Question 10

attachment of a carbohydrate to the amino acid asparagine in a polypeptide; attached to nitrogen atom

Answer 10

N-linked

Question 11

addition of string of sugars to the O atom of a serine or threonine side chain in a polypeptide

Answer 11

O-linked

Question 12

the movement of ions & molecules across biological membranes

Answer 12

Membrane Transport

Question 13

allowing the passage of some ions & molecules but not others

Answer 13

Selective Permeability

Question 14

when a substance moves across a membrane from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration by passing directly through the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 14

Simple Diffusion

Question 15

when a transport protein provides a passageway for a substance to cross a membrane from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration

Answer 15

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 16

moves a substance from an area of low concentration to one of high concentration with the aid of a transmembrane protein

Answer 16

Active Transport

Question 17

the concentration of a solute is higher on one side of the membrane than on the other

Answer 17

Concentration Gradient

Question 18

dual gradient with both electrical and chemical compounds

Answer 18

Electrochemical Gradient

Question 19

concentration on both sides are equal

Answer 19

Isotonic

Question 20

when the concentration of solutes outside of the cell is higher

Answer 20

Hypertonic

Question 21

lower concentration of solutes than the opposite side

Answer 21

Hypotonic

Question 22

water moves across the membrane from the hypotonic into the hypertonic; moving down the concentration gradient

Answer 22

Osmosis

Question 23

when a cell takes up too much water and ruptures

Answer 23

Osmotic Lysis

Question 24

when water leaves the cell and the cell shrinks

Answer 24

Crenation

Question 25

if the extracellular fluid surrounding a plant cell is hypertonic, water will exit the cell and the plasma membrane will pull away from the cell wall

Answer 25

Plasmolysis

Question 26

transmembrane proteins that forms an open passageway for the facilitated diffusion of ions or molecules across the membrane

Answer 26

Channel Transmembrane Proteins

Question 27

open to allow the diffusion of solutes and close to prohibit diffusion; controlled by ligands

Answer 27

Gated Transmembrane Proteins

Question 28

bind one or more solutes in a hydrophilic pocket and undergo a conformational change that switches the exposure of the pocket from one side of the membrane to the other side

Answer 28

Transporters

Question 29

bind one ion or molecule & transport it across the membrane

Answer 29

Uniporters

Question 30

bind two or more ions or molecules and transport them in the same direction

Answer 30

Symporters

Question 31

bind two or more ions or molecules and transport them in opposite directions

Answer 31

Antiporters

Question 32

functioning of a pump

Answer 32

Primary Active Transport

Question 33

a type of transporter that directly uses energy to transport a solute against a concentration gradient

Answer 33

pump

Question 34

pre-existing gradient drives the active transport of another solute

Answer 34

Secondary Active Transport

Question 35

actively transports Na+ & K+ against their gradients by using the energy from ATP hydrolysis

Answer 35

Na+/K+ - ATPase

Question 36

material inside the cell is packaged into vesicles and then excreted into the extracellular membrane

Answer 36

Exocytosis

Question 37

plasma membrane folds inward to form a vesicle that brings substances or particles into the cell

Answer 37

Endocytosis

Question 38

a receptor in the plasma membrane is specific for a given cargo

Answer 38

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Question 39

formation of membrane vesicles from the plasma membrane as a way for cells to internalize the extracellular fluid

Answer 39

Pinocytosis

Question 40

formation of an enormous membrane vesicle which engulfs a large particle such as a bacterium

Answer 40

Phagocytosis