CH. 4 - Evolutionary Origin of Cells and their General Features

Question 1

double layer of embedded proteins and phospholipids, creates a barrier between the cell interior and the outer environment (protection), surrounds the cell like a form of skin

Answer 1

Plasma Membrane

Question 2

the gel-like fluid that is contained within the plasma membrane and surrounds all other components in the cell, supports organelles in the cell, throughout the cell

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

organelle like component with no membrane, contains the genetic material in a prokaryotic cell, somewhere within the cell

Answer 3

Nucleoid

Question 4

small organelles, play a part in polypeptide synthesis, found in the cytoplasm

Answer 4

Ribosome

Question 5

rigid wall-like structure, supports and protects the plasma membrane and cytoplasm from the outside environment, surrounding the cell like a skin

Answer 5

Cell Wall

Question 6

an appendage, allows cells to attach to other cells and surfaces, outside of the cell, but connected to the cell wall or plasma membrane

Answer 6

Cilia

Question 7

an appendage, helps cells to move, outside of the cell, but connected to the cell wall or plasma membrane

Answer 7

Flagella

Question 8

center of the cell, area of the cell that holds the genetic material, in the cytosol

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

membrane-like structure, protects and encloses the nucleus, surrounds the nucleus

Answer 9

Nuclear Envelope

Question 10

center of the nucleus (small ball-like structure), site for ribosome subunit assembly, in the nucleus

Answer 10

Nucleolus

Question 11

small organelle, breaks down harmful molecules like hydrogen peroxide, in the cytosol

Answer 11

Peroxisome

Question 12

small branch-like structures, complex of DNA and proteins, found within the nucleus

Answer 12

Chromatin

Question 13

very small organelles, degrades macromolecules, spread throughout the cytosol

Answer 13

Lysosome

Question 14

maze-like larger organelle; modifies, sorts and secretes lipids and proteins, in the cytosol

Answer 14

Golgi Apparatus

Question 15

network of fibers, provide shape and help with movement of the cell, found in the cytosol

Answer 15

Cytoskeleton

Question 16

larger pod-like organelles, site of ATP synthesis, found in the cytosol

Answer 16

Mitochondria

Question 17

maze-like larger organelle, site of detoxification and lipid synthesis, in the cytosol

Answer 17

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 18

maze-like larger organelle, site of protein sorting and secretion, in the cytosol

Answer 18

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 19

fiber-like organelle, site where microtubules grow and centrioles are found, in the cytosol

Answer 19

Centrosome

Question 20

pod-like structured organelles, site of photosynthesis, only found in plants in the cytosol

Answer 20

Chloroplast

Question 21

Cytosol, nucleus, endomembrane system, and semi-autonomous organelles

Answer 21

4 Main Regions of Eukaryotic Cells

Question 22

Microtubules, Intermediate Filaments, Actin Filaments

Answer 22

3 Types of Cytoskeletal Filaments

Question 23

Movement of cargo

Answer 23

Kinesin

Question 24

Movement of the filament

Answer 24

Myosin

Question 25

Bending of the filament

Answer 25

Dynein