Ch. 21 & Additional Readings

Question 1

enzymes that protect bacterial cells from invasion by viruses by degrading the viral DNA into small fragments

Answer 1

Restriction Enzymes

Question 2

small, circular pieces of DNA that are found naturally in many strains of bacteria and exist independently of the bacterial chromosome

Answer 2

Plasmid

Question 3

the recombinant vector carrying the desired gene is to be taken up by the bacterial cells that have been treated with agents that render them permeable to DNA molecules

Answer 3

Transformation

Question 4

a cloning technique in which DNA is copied without the aid of vectors and host cells

Answer 4

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 5

Template DNA is heated to separate the DNA into single-stranded molecules

Answer 5

Denaturation

Question 6

The primers bind to the DNA as the temperature is lowered

Answer 6

Primer Annealing

Question 7

Taq polymerase uses dNTPs to catalyze the synthesis of complementary DNA strands, effectively lengthening the primers

Answer 7

Primer Extension

Question 8

A gene that is introduced into a cell that confers a trait suitable for artificial selection

Answer 8

Selectable Marker

Question 9

recognize and bind to a specific region of an antigen, called an epitope or antigenic determinant

Answer 9

Antibody

Question 10

Uses antibodies to detect and analyze specific proteins in each sample of tissue or cell extract

Answer 10

Western Blotting

Question 11

This technique uses an antibody to target a specific protein which is a member of a protein complex.

Answer 11

Co-immunoprecipitation

Question 12

Uses a fluorophore to locate the specific interactions between antibodies and antigens within tissues or cells

Answer 12

Immunofluorsecence

Question 13

when fluorescent emissions diminish over the time as a result of the fluorophore being covalently modified, losing its ability to fluoresce

Answer 13

Photobleaching