Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Term > Ch. 9-Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Ch. 9-Cardiovascular System Flashcards

0
Q

How many times does the heart beat each day?

A

100,000; 8,000 liters of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What does the cardiovascular system do?

A

Circulates blood by action of the heart, provides cells with oxygen and nutritive elements and removes waste and carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does blood flow?

A

Through the heart to the lungs, then back to the heart and out of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Heart

A

Center of cardiovascular system where vessels originate and return, weighs 300g, circulates blood through lungs and body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Lung circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Circulation through the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 Layers if the Heart

A

Endocardium, myocardium, pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular middle layer of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pericardium

A

Outer membranous sac surrounding the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arteries

A

Branching systems of vessels that transport blood from the right and left ventricles to all body parts
They always have a pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Veins

A

Transport blood from tissues back to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Capillaries

A

Microscopic blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules
-passage of life sustaining fluids containing oxygen and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood

A

Consists of formed elements (erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leukocytes) and plasma
-delivers necessary substances to cells and transports waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Septum

A

Divides heart into sections called the right and left heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Atria

A

Two upper chambers, separated by interatrial septum, designated as right or left depending on which side of the septum they are on. They receive blood from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ventricles

A

Two lower chambers, separated by interventricular septum, designated as right or left depending on which side of the septum they are on. Pump blood out to body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Right atrium

A

RA
Receives blood from body. Superior and inferior vena cava bring deoxygenated blood here, fills atrium, then passes through tricuspid valve to the right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Right ventricle

A

RV
Receives blood from right atrium through tricuspid valve, contracts to force blood through pulmonary valve into left and right pulmonary arteries, which then carry it to the lungs where it is oxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Only artery that carries oxygen-deficient blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Left atrium

A

LA
Receives blood from left and right pulmonary veins from lungs, fills atrium and creates pressure that forces oxygenated blood through the mitral (bicuspid) valve and into left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Left ventricle

A

LV
Receives blood from left atrium through mitral valve, contracts when filled, closing the mitral valve and opening the aortic valve. The blood is pumped from the aorta all over the body through arteries and capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right atrioventricular valve

Guards opening between right atrium and right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Semilunar valve

Guards opening between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mitral valve

A

Bicuspid valve
Left atrioventricular valve
Between left atrium and left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Aortic valve

A

Semilunar valve

Between left ventricle and aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Part of hearts own vascular system that delivers oxygen rich blood to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Cardiac veins

A

Part of hearts own vascular system that collects oxygen poor blood and returns it to the right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Heartbeat

A

Controlled by autonomic nervous system and generated by specialized neuromuscular tissue that causes cardiac muscle to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

3 Things in Heart’s Specialized Neuromuscular Tissue

A

Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and atrioventricular bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

SA node
Located in right atrium below superior vena cava, pacemaker of the heart, network of Purkinje fibers that discharge electrical impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

Atypical muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

AV node

Beneath endocardium of right atrium and transmits electrical impulses to the bundle of His

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Atrioventricular bundle

A

bundle of His
Collection of heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction that transmits impulses from the AV node to Purkinje fibers, which distribute it to ventricular muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Average adult heartbeat?

A

60-90 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What affects the rate of heartbeat?

A

Emotion, smoking, disease, body size, age, stress, environment, and many others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

ECG, EKG

Records heart’s electrical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

3 Commonly Used Sites for Taking Pulse

A

Radial artery, brachial artery, carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Auscultation

A

Taking pulse with stethoscope and counting for one minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Apical pulse

A

Taking pulse right over the heart as with a stethoscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Temporal artery

A

Temple area of head, used to control bleeding from the head and to monitor circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Carotid artery

A

Neck, easiest to access in an emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Brachial artery

A

Antecubical space of elbow, common for blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Radial artery

A

Thumb side of wrist, most common for pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Femoral artery

A

Groin area, used to monitor circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Popliteal artery

A

Behind the knee, used to monitor circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Dorsalis pedis artery

A

On dorsal surface of foot (top), used to assess for peripheral artery disease (PAD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Blood pressure

A

BP
Pressure exerted by blood on artery walls, consists of systolic and diastolic number and measured by sphygmomanometer
Needs to be below (120/80)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Systolic number

A

Numerator and higher number, pressure while heart contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Diastolic number

A

Denominator and lower number, pressure while heart relaxes between beats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference between systolic and diastolic readings and indicates tone of arterial walls. Should not be over 50 or under 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Fatty plaques in arterial walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Cardiovascular disease can accelerate due to

A

Reduced blood flow
Elevated blood lipids
Detective endothelial repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Heart failure

A

One of the most common types of cardiovascular disease in older adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

CHF
Left sided failure
Symptoms are pulmonary edema, dyspnea, shortness of breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Right ventricular heart failure

A

Right sided failure
Usually occurs as a result of CHF
Symptoms are liver enlargement, distention of neck veins, edema in ankles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Stent

A

Steel cage like object is placed over a balloon catheter and inserted into the blockage, expanded, and removed so that the stent stays in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Digitalis drugs

A

Strengthen heart muscle, increase force of systolic contraction, slow heart rate, and decrease conduction through the atrioventricular node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Antiarrhythmic agents

A

Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias(irregular heartbeats)

60
Q

Vasopressors

A

Cause contraction of muscles associated with capillaries and arteries, narrowing the space through which blood circulates and raising blood pressure

61
Q

Vasodilators

A

Cause relaxation of blood vessels and lowers blood pressure

62
Q

antihypertensive agents

A

Used in treatment of hypertension

63
Q

Antihyperlipidemic agents

A

Lower abnormally high levels of fatty substances when other treatments fail

64
Q

Antiplatelet drugs

A

Reduce occurrence of and death from events such as heart attacks and strokes. Aspirin is main drug and is recommended by AHA for people with CV diseases because it prevents clots

65
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Prevents blood clots

“Blood thinners”

66
Q

Thrombolytic agents

A

Dissolve an existing clot when given within 6 hours of occurrence
Reduces chance of death by 50%

67
Q

Angiography

A

X-ray recording of a blood vessel after injection of a radiopaque substance

68
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

CC

Medical procedure used to diagnose heart disorders

69
Q

Cardiac enzymes

A

Blood tests performed to determine cardiac damage in an acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

70
Q

Cardiac muscle troponins

A

Blood tests performed to determine heart muscle injury (microinfarction) not detected by cardiac enzyme tests

71
Q

Cholesterol

A

chol
Blood test to determine level of cholesterol in serum
Greater than 200 mg/dL is bad

72
Q

Echocardiography

A

ECHO

Used to analyze size, shape, and movement of structures in the heart

73
Q

Holter monitor

A

Portable medical device attached to the patient that records a continuous EKG for 24 hours

74
Q

Intracardiac electrophysiology study

A

EPS
Invasive cardiac procedure that involves placement of catheter-guided electrodes inside the heart to evaluate and map electrical conduction of arrhythmias

75
Q

Lactic dehydrogenase

A

LD or LDH
Intracellular enzyme that can be detected when it leaks into the bloodstream and ia a good indicator of acute myocardial infarction

76
Q

Lipid profile

A

Series of blood tears including chol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides

77
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging

A

MRI
Uses a magnet that sets nuclei of atoms in heart cells vibrating, they emit signals that are converted by a computer into 3-D images

78
Q

Stress test

A

Screening test evaluating cardiovascular fitness, EKG is monitored while patient is subjected to exercise, helps doctors assess blood flow

79
Q

Thallium-201 stress test

A

X-ray study that follows path of radioactive thallium carried by the blood into the heart muscle

80
Q

Triglycerides

A

Blood test to determine level of triglycerides in the serum

81
Q

Ultrafast CT scan

A

Can take multiple images of the heart within a single heartbeat

82
Q

Ultrasonography

A

Test used to visualize an organ or tissue by using high frequency sound waves

83
Q

Aneurysm

A

Abnormal widening of ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the artery wall

84
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical repair of a blood vessel or nonsurgical technique for treating diseased arteries by temporarily inflating a tiny balloon inside an artery
angi/o vessel
-plasty surgical repair

85
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregularity or loss of rhythm of heartbeat, also called dysrhythmia
a- lack of
rrhythm rhythm
-ia condition

86
Q

Automated external defibrillator

A

Portable automatic device used to restore normal heart rhythm to patients in cardiac arrest; automatically tells rescuer when to administer shock

87
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle that leads to deterioration of the muscle and pumping ability
cardi/o heart
my/o muscle
-pathy disease

88
Q

Defibrillator

A

Medical device used to restore normal heart rhythm by delivering electric shock

89
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation phase of the heart cycle during which the heart muscle relaxers and heart chambers fill with blood

90
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Abnormality of the rhythm or rate of heartbeat, can be divided into bradycardias(slow) or tachycardias(fast)
dys- difficult
rhythm rhythm
-ia condition

91
Q

Fibrillation

A

Quivering or spontaneous contraction of individual muscle fibers, an abnormal bioelectric potential occurring in neuropathies and myopathies
fibrillat fibrils(small fibers)
-ion process

92
Q

Infarction

A 
Process of developing an infarct, which is death of tissue from obstructed blood flow 
infarct      infarct(necrosis of an area)
-ion          process
93
Q

Lipoprotein

A

Lipid and protein molecules bound together classified as VLDL, LDL, and HDL

94
Q

Murmur

A

Abnormal sound ranging from soft and blowing to loud and booming heard on auscultation of heart and adjacent large vessels

95
Q

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

A

PTCA

Use of a balloon catheter to compress plaques against an artery wall

96
Q

Pericardiocentesis

A

Surgical procedure to remove fluid from the pericardial sac for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes
peri- around
cardi/o heart
-centesis surgical puncture

97
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium
peri- around
cardi/o heart
-itis inflammation

98
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein
phleb/o vein
-itis inflammation

99
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heartbeat over 100 bpm
tachy- rapid
cardi/o heart
-ia condition

100
Q

Thrombosis

A

A blood clot within the vascular system
thromb/o clot of blood
-osis condition

101
Q

Triglyceride

A 
Pertaining to an organic compound consisting of 3 molecules of fatty acids
tri-     three
glyc   sweet, sugar
-er     relating to 
-ide    having a particular quality
102
Q

angi/o

A

Vessel

103
Q

angin/o

A

To choke

104
Q

arteri/o

A

Artery

105
Q

ather/o

A

Fatty substance

106
Q

atri/o

A

Atrium

107
Q

auscultat/o

A

To listen to

108
Q

cardi/o

A

Heart

109
Q

chol/e

A

Bile

110
Q

circulat/o

A

Circular

111
Q

claudicat/o

A

To limp

112
Q

corpor/o

A

Body

113
Q

cyan/o

A

Dark blue

114
Q

dilatat/o

A

To widen

115
Q

dynam/o

A

Power

116
Q

ech/o

A

Reflected sound

117
Q

electr/o

A

Electricity

118
Q

embol/o

A

A throwing in

119
Q

glyc/o

A

Sweet, sugar

120
Q

hem/o

A

Blood

121
Q

infarct/o

A

Infarct (necrosis of an area)

122
Q

isch/o

A

To hold back

123
Q

lipid/o

A

Fat

124
Q

lun/o

A

Moon

125
Q

man/o

A

Thin

126
Q

mitr/o

A

Mitral valve

127
Q

my/o

A

Muscle

128
Q

occlus/o

A

To close up

129
Q

oxy

A

Sour, sharp, acid

130
Q

palpit/o

A

Throbbing

131
Q

pector/o

A

Chest

132
Q

phleb/o

A

Vein

133
Q

pulmon/o

A

Lung

134
Q

rrhythm/o

A

Rhythm

135
Q

scler/o

A

Hardening

136
Q

sept/o

A

Partition

137
Q

sin/o

A

Curve

138
Q

sphygm/o

A

Pulse

139
Q

sten/o

A

Narrowing

140
Q

steth/o

A

Chest

141
Q

thromb/o

A

Clot of blood

142
Q

valvul/o

A

Valve

143
Q

vas/o

A

Vessel

144
Q

vascul/o

A

Small vessel

145
Q

ven/o

A

Vein

146
Q

ventricul/o

A

Ventricle

147
Q

vers/o

A

Turning

Med Term (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions