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Med Term > Ch. 8-Digestive System > Flashcards

Ch. 8-Digestive System Flashcards

0
Q

What is the digestive tube called and how long is it?

A

Gastrointestinal tract, 30 ft

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1
Q

Digestive system

A

Continuous tube starting at the mouth and ending at the anus

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2
Q

3 main functions of digestive system

A

Digestive, absorption, elimination

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3
Q

Where does digestion technically begin?

A

When you see food, your saliva glands begin working and producing enzymes

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4
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

Changes food so the body can absorb nutrients

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5
Q

Absorption

A

Takes nutrients into bloodstream or lymph

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6
Q

Elimination

A

Solid waste products are excreted

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7
Q

Mouth

A

Primary organ, breaks apart food, moistens food with saliva, and forms food into bolus

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8
Q

Teeth

A

Primary organ, breaks food apart

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9
Q

Salivary glands

A

Accessory organ, secretes saliva in response to food

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10
Q

Pharynx

A

Primary organ, extends between internal nares and larynx entrance, respiration and digestion path

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11
Q

Esophagus

A

Primary organ, moves bolus by peristalsis into the stomach

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12
Q

Stomach

A

Primary organ, reduces food to semiliquid digestible state (chyme)

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13
Q

Small intestine

A

Primary organ, 21 ft long from pyloric sphincter to large intestine

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14
Q

Large intestine

A

Primary organ, 5 ft long, final process of digestion (absorbs remaining water and excretes waste)

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15
Q

Liver

A

Secondary organ, detoxifies body, converts glucose to glycogen and stores it, metabolizes fat, participates in protein anabolism and catabolism, makes bile, and stores iron and vitamins

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16
Q

Gallbladder

A

Secondary organ, stores and concentrates extra bile, largest producer of digestive enzymes

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17
Q

Pancreas

A

Secondary organ, secretes pancreatic juice into small intestine, produces digestive enzymes, secretes insulin and glucagon into blood

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18
Q

Where does digestion officially begin?

A

Mouth, where food is broken down by teeth and enzymes produced by saliva

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19
Q

Bolus

A

Mashed and partially broken down food that is formed by the mouth and travels through the esophagus to the stomach

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20
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Upper portion of pharynx above the soft palate

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21
Q

Oropharynx

A

Middle portion of pharynx between palate and hyoid bone

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22
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Lowest portion of pharynx

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23
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap of tissue blocking larynx opening that prevents food from entering the trachea

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24
Q

Esophageal sphincter

A

Located at junction of esophagus and stomach and prevents backup of stomach contents

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25
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wavelike muscular contractions that carry a bolus down the esophagus and chyme down the small intestine

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26
Q

4 parts of stomach

A

Fundus, body, antrum, rugae

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27
Q

Fundus

A

Upper region of stomach

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28
Q

Body

A

Main portion of stomach

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29
Q

Antrum

A

Lower region of stomach

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30
Q

Rugae

A

Folds in lining of stomach that produce digestive juices

“Reggae dreads”

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31
Q

Chyme

A

Semiliquid state, stomach converts food into this

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32
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Passageway between stomach and small intestine

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33
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of small intestine

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34
Q

Jejunum

A

Middle of small intestine

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35
Q

Ileum

A

Last part of small intestine, location of Crohn’s disease

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36
Q

Where does digestion and absorption chiefly occur?

A

Small intestine

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37
Q

Digestion in small intestine

A

Nutrients are absorbed and transferred to body cells by circulatory system

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38
Q

3 organs that help the small intestine

A

Pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

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39
Q

Bile

A

Produced by liver and emulsifies fat droplets

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40
Q

4 parts of large intestine

A

Cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

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41
Q

4 parts of colon

A

Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Goes clockwise around colon

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42
Q

4 accessory organs

A

Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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43
Q

What causes constipation?

A

Dehydration, lack of fiber, certain medicines (antibiotics)

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44
Q

Hepatitis

A

Group of viral infections that affect the liver

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45
Q

3 common types of hepatitis

A 
Hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HAB), hepatitis C (HAC)
Vaccines for a and b but not c
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46
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of organ into another body part

  • hiatal: protrusion of stomach up through hiatal opening
  • inguinal: protrusion of intestine into inguinal area
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47
Q

Antacids

A

Neutralizes hydrochloride acid in stomach

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48
Q

Antacid mixtures

A

Combination of 2 antacid properties (aluminum and calcium) with magnesium salts

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49
Q

Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists

A

Inhibit gastric acid secretion and stimulation by foods and caffeine

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50
Q

Gastric Acid Pump Inhibitor (Proton-Pump Inhibitor(PPI))

A

Suppress gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the final step of acid production
Prevents ulcers

51
Q

Alcohol toxicology test

A

Testing blood serum and plasma to determine alcohol levels

52
Q

Ammonia test

A

Testing blood plasma to determine ammonia level

53
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Visual examination of colon via colonoscopy

54
Q

Fiberoptic colonoscopy

A

Visual examination of colon via flexible colonoscope

55
Q

Esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy

A

Endoscopic examination of esophagus, stomach, and small intestine

56
Q

Gastric analysis

A

Test to determine quality of secretion; amount of free and combined HCl; and absence or presence of blood, bacteria, bile, and fatty acids

57
Q

Gastrointestinal series

A

GI series, examination of esophagus, stomach, and small intestine, in which barium is given orally and observed as it flows through GI system

58
Q

McBurney’s point

A

Common location of pain in people with appendicitis

59
Q

absorpt/o

A

To take in

60
Q

aden/o

A

Gland

61
Q

aliment/o

A

Nourishment

62
Q

amyl/o

A

Starch

63
Q

anabol/o

A

Building up

64
Q

append/o

A

Appendix

65
Q

appendic/o

A

Appendix

66
Q

bil/i

A

Gall, bile

67
Q

bucc/o

A

Cheek

68
Q

catabol/o

A

A casting down

69
Q

celi/o

A

Abdomen, belly

70
Q

cheil/o

A

Lip

71
Q

chol/e

A

Gall, bile

72
Q

choledoch/o

A

Common bile duct

73
Q

cirrh/o

A

Orange-yellow

74
Q

col/o

A

Colon

75
Q

colon/o

A

Colon

76
Q

cyst/o

A

Bladder

77
Q

dent/o

A

Tooth

78
Q

diverticul/o

A

Diverticula

79
Q

duoden/o

A

Duodenum

80
Q

enter/o

A

Intestine

81
Q

esophag/o

A

Esophagus

82
Q

fibr/o

A

Fibrous tissue

83
Q

gastr/o

A

Stomach

84
Q

gingiv/o

A

Gums

85
Q

gloss/o

A

Tongue

86
Q

glyc/o

A

Sweet, sugar

87
Q

halit/o

A

Breath

88
Q

hemat/o

A

Blood

89
Q

hemorrh/o

A

Vein liable to bleed

90
Q

hepat/o

A

Liver

91
Q

herni/o

A

Hernia

92
Q

ile/o

A

Ileum

93
Q

labi/o

A

Lip

94
Q

lapar/o

A

Abdomen

95
Q

lingu/o

A

Tongue

96
Q

lip/o

A

Fat

97
Q

odont/o

A

Tooth

98
Q

pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

99
Q

pept/o

A

To digest

100
Q

pharyng/o

A

Pharynx

101
Q

pil/o

A

Hair

102
Q

prand/i

A

Meal

103
Q

proct/o

A

Anus and rectum

104
Q

pylor/o

A

Pylorus, gatekeeper

105
Q

rect/o

A

Rectum

106
Q

sial/o

A

Saliva, salivary

107
Q

sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid

108
Q

splen/o

A

Spleen

109
Q

stomat/o

A

Mouth

110
Q

verm/i

A

Worm

111
Q

Catabolism

A

Literally a casting down, a breaking of complex substances into more basic elements
catabol a casting down
-ism condition

112
Q

Celiac

A

Pertaining to the abdomen
celi abdomen, belly
-ac pertaining to

113
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Surgical excision of the gallbladder, removed through a small incision near the navel in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
chol/e gall, bile
cyst bladder
-ectomy surgical excision

114
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder
chol/e gall, bile
cyst bladder
-itis inflammation

115
Q

Colonoscope

A

Thin, lighted, flexible instrument that is used to view the interior of the colon
colon/o colon
-scope instrument for examining

116
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Difficulty in digestion; indigestion
dys- difficult
-pepsia to digest, digestion

117
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing
dys- difficult
-phagia to eat, to swallow

118
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting
eme to vomit
-sis condition

119
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein substance capable of causing rapid chemical changes in other substances without being changed itself

120
Q

Epigastric

A

Pertaining to the region above the stomach
epi- above
gastr stomach
-ic pertaining to

121
Q

Gastrectomy

A

Surgical excision of a part of or the whole stomach
gastr stomach
-ectomy surgical excision

122
Q

Gastroesophageal

A

Pertaining to the stomach and esophagus
gastr/o stomach
esophage esophagus
-al pertaining to

123
Q

Hepatoma

A

Tumor of the liver
hepat liver
-oma tumor

124
Q

Laparotomy

A

Surgical incision into the abdomen
lapar/o abdomen
-tomy incision

125
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the bowel on itself that causes an obstruction
volvul to roll
-us pertaining to

Med Term (15 decks)

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