Ch. 4-Organization of Body Flashcards
Chemical element
Substance that cannot be broken down any further; made up of atoms
Atom
Smallest basic chemical unit of an element. Contains nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons
6 Elements in the Body
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus
Molecules
Combination of two or more atoms that form a compound
Cells
Basic building blocks; perform specific functions
Cell membrane
Outside layer of cell; has selective permeability
Cytoplasm
Substance between nucleus and cell membrane, composed mostly of water, it’s where all the work happens that is not happening in the nucleus
Nucleus
Responsible for cell’s metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The cell’s “brain”. Also contains the chromosomes
Genome
Complete set of genes and chromosomes inside each cell
How many pairs of chromosomes does the body have?
23
Stem cells
Originate primarily from embryo; they can divide and renew themselves and basically form any type of tissue
Tissue
Group of similar cells that perform a specialized function
Four types of I tissue
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve
Epithelial tissue
Outer surfaces of body; lines body cavities, organs, and passageways; forms secreting portions of glands (sweat gland for example)
Connective tissue
Most widespread and abundant tissue, supporting network for organs, connects muscle to bone and bone to joint, bone is a dense form of this
3 types of muscle tissue
Skeletal (voluntary)
Smooth muscle (involuntary)
Cardiac (involuntary)
Skeletal muscle tissue
Striated in appearance and is associated with movement and strength
Smooth muscle tissue
Lines outside of organs, involuntary movement
Cardiac muscle tissue
Found only in the heart, keeps it beating
Nerve tissue
Contains neurons and glia cells, controls and coordinates actions of the body
Organs
Several different tissues that serve a common purpose
Organ systems
Group of organs that have common purpose
Sagittal plane
Vertically divides body into left and right portions
Transverse plane
Divides body into superior and inferior portions just below the waist
Coronal or frontal plane
Vertically divides body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions
Drugs for therapeutic use
Relieves symptoms or sustains patient until an alternative can be used
Drugs for diagnostic use
A drug taken so a doctor can locate something, for example drinking something before a cat scan so they can see inside better
Drugs for curative use
Removes the causing agent
Drugs for replacement use
Replaces something in the body (vitamins or hormones)
Drugs for preventative or prophylactic use
Prevent disease or reduce severity
Chemical name of a drug
Formula that describes composition of drug
Generic name of drug
Official name with description of chemical structure. Always written in lowercase
Trade or brand name of drug
Capitalized, name you’ll see in ads on TV or pamphlets
Undesirable action
Unintended reaction that can happen that the doctor is aware of
Adverse reaction
Unintended reaction that the doctor is not aware of
