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Med Term > Ch. 12-Urinary System > Flashcards

Ch. 12-Urinary System Flashcards

0
Q

3 other names for urinary system

A

Excretory system, genitourinary system (GU), urogenital system (UG)

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1
Q

Urinary system is composed of:

A

Two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, one urethra

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2
Q

Function of the urinary system

A

Produces, stores, and eliminates urine

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3
Q

Kidneys

A

Produce urine and help regulate and control body fluids

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4
Q

Ureters

A

Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and the walls consist of an inner mucous membrane, a middle smooth muscle, and outer fibrous tissue

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5
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Serves as a reservoir for urine and consists of the neck (continuous with urethra) and the apex (connected with umbilicus)

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6
Q

Urethra

A

Passageway of urine to the outside of the body; male’s conveys urine and semen

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7
Q

Kidney location

A

Behind abdominal cavity on either side of T12 and lumbar region

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8
Q

3 Capsules that protect the kidney

A

True capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia

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9
Q

True capsule

A

Innermost kidney capsule, smooth fibrous connective membrane

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10
Q

Perirenal fat

A

Middle kidney capsule, made of adipose

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11
Q

Renal fascia

A

Outermost capsule, anchors kidney to surrounding structure

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12
Q

Hilum

A

Notch in concave border of kidney

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13
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Saclike collecting portion of kidney, located in the concave border

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14
Q

Cortex of kidney

A

Outer layer, consists of arteries, veins, convicted tubules, and glomerular capsules

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15
Q

Medulla of kidney

A

Inner portion, consists of renal pyramids

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16
Q

Renal pyramids

A

Cone like masses with papillae projecting into calices of pelvis

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17
Q

Nephrons

A

Structural and functional unit of kidneys where urine production begins
Regulates, controls, and removes waste products of metabolism from blood plasma and regulates reabsorption of water

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18
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Inside a nephron, consists of a glomerulus surrounded by the Bowman capsule

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19
Q

Tubule

A

Extends from each bowman capsule in the nephrons and consists of proximal and distal convoluted portions and the loop of Henle

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20
Q

Trigone

A

Small triangular area near the base of the bladder

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21
Q

Four Layers of Bladder Wall

A

Inner layer of epithelium
Coat of smooth muscle
Outer layer of longitudinal muscle
Fibrous layer

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22
Q

Urinary meatus

A

External urinary opening of urethra

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23
Q

Male urethra

A

20 cm long and conveys urine and semen, divided into prostatic, membranous, and penile sections

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24
Q

Female urethra

A

3 cm long, only conveys urine, urinary meatus is between clitoris and vaginal opening

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25
Q

How is urine formed?

A

Process of filtration and reabsorption in the nephron

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26
Q

Components of urine

A

95% water and 5% solid substances

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27
Q

When does an adult usually feel the need to void bladder?

A

When it contains 300-350 mL of urine

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28
Q

How much urine is voided daily?

A

1000-1500 mL

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29
Q

Normal urine is:

A

Clear, or yellow to amber in color, faintly aromatic and slightly acidic

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30
Q

Older adults have what urinary system changes?

A

Muscle tone loss in ureters, bladder, and urethra; reduced bladder capacity by half; frequent bathroom trips; and urge incontinence

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31
Q

Urinalysis

A

UA

Lab test that evaluates the different properties of urine, fresh specimen is more accurate

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32
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of bladder that usually occurs secondary to UTI, frequently affects sexually active women but can also affect young girls and older adults
cyst bladder
-itis inflammation

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33
Q

Interstitial cystitis

A

IC

Painful inflammation of the bladder wall, affects mostly women. Unknown cause and doesn’t respond well to antibiotics

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34
Q

Blood urea nitrogen

A

BUN

Blood test, determines amt of urea excreted by kidneys

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35
Q

Creatinine

A

Blood test, determines amt of creatinine

36
Q

Creatinine clearance

A

Urine test, determines glomerular filtration rate

37
Q

Culture, urine

A

Urine test, determines presence of micro organisms

38
Q

Cystoscopy

A

cysto

Visual examination of bladder and urethra with cystoscope

39
Q

Intravenous pyelography

A

pyelogram
IVP
Radiopaque substance is injected and X-ray taken of kidneys, ureters, and bladder

40
Q

Kidney, ureter, bladder

A

KUB

X-ray taken of abdomen to indicate size and position of these

41
Q

Renal biopsy

A

Removal of tissue from kidney for examination

42
Q

Retrograde pyelography

A

RP

X-ray of kidneys, ureters, and bladder after injection of contrast medium backward through a catheter

43
Q

Ultrasonography, kidneys

A

High frequency sound waves to visualize kidneys

44
Q

albumin/o

45
Q

bacteri/o

46
Q

calc/I

47
Q

corpore/o

48
Q

cutane/o

49
Q

cyst/o

50
Q

excret/o

A

Sifted out

51
Q

glomerul/o

A

Glomerulus, little ball

52
Q

glycos/o

A

Glucose, sugar

53
Q

hem/o

54
Q

hemat/o

55
Q

keton/o

56
Q

lith/o

57
Q

meat/o

58
Q

micturit/o

A

To urinate

59
Q

nephr/o

60
Q

noct/o

61
Q

perine/o

62
Q

peritone/o

A

Peritoneum

63
Q

py/o

64
Q

pyel/o

A

Renal pelvis

65
Q

ren/o

66
Q

scler/o

67
Q

son/o

68
Q

ur/o

A

Urine, urinate, urination

69
Q

ureter/o

70
Q

urethr/o

71
Q

urin/o

72
Q

Anuria

A

Lack of urine production
an- without
-uria urine

73
Q

Calculus

A

Pebble; any abnormal stone, plural: calculi

74
Q

Catheter

A

Tube of elastic, elastic web, rubber, plastic that is inserted into a body cavity to remove or inject fluid

75
Q

Diuresis

A

Increased or excessive flow of urine, occurring in conditions such as diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, and acute renal failure
di(a)- complete, through
ur/o urinate
-esis condition

76
Q

Dysuria

A

Difficult or painful urination
dys- difficult, painful
-uria urine

77
Q

Enuresis

A

Condition of involuntary emission of urine; bedwetting
en- within
ur/o urinate
-esis condition

78
Q

Glomerulitis

A

Inflammation of the renal glomeruli
glomerul glomerulus, little ball
-itis inflammation

79
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of kidney involving primarily glomeruli. Acute (AGN), chronic (CGN), and subacute
glomerul/o glomerulus, little ball
nephr/o kidney
-itis inflammation

80
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Urine collects in renal pelvis because of obstructed outflow, damages kidney
hydro- water
nephr/o kidney
-osis condition

81
Q

Incontinence

A

Inability to hold or control urination or defecation
in- not
continence to hold

82
Q

Micturition

A

Process of urination
micturit/o to urinate
-ion process

83
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Kidney stones, usually deposits of mineral salts (calculi) in kidney. Usually called by hypercalciuria. Can irritate kidney and ureter tissue and block flow
nephr/o kidney
lith/o stone, calculus
-iasis condition

84
Q

Nephrology

A

Study of kidney function as well as diagnosis and treatment of diseases
nephr/o kidney
-logy study of

85
Q

Renal

A

Pertaining to the kidney
ren/o kidney
-al pertaining to

86
Q

Urea

A

Chief nitrogenous constituent of urine

87
Q

Uremia

A

Excess urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products accumulated in blood, aka azotemia. Currently refers to syndrome with end stage renal failure

88
Q

Urologist

A

Physician who specializes in study of urinary system
ur/o urination
log/o study of
-ist one who specializes

Med Term (15 decks)

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