Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Term > Ch. 14-Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch. 14-Nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

cerebell/o

A

Little brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

cephal/o

A

Head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cerebr/o

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chrom/o

A

Color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cran/i

A

Skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

crani/o

A

Skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cyt/o

A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

dendr/o

A

Tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

disk/o

A

A disk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dur/o

A

Dura, hard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

electr/o

A

Electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

encephal/o

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

esthesi/o

A

Feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

fibr/o

A

Fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

gli/o

A

Glue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hypn/o

A

Sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lamin/o

A

Thin plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

later/o

A

Side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lob/o

A

Lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mening/i

A

Membrane, meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mening/o

A

Membrane, meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ment/o

A

Mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

my/o

A

Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

myel/o

A

Bone marrow, spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

narc/o

A

Numbness, sleep, stupor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

neur/o

A

Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

pallid/o

A

Globus pallidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

papill/o

A

Papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

phe/o

A

Dusky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

poli/o

A

Grey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

somn/o

A

Sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

spin/o

A

A thorn, spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

spondyl/o

A

Vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

vag/o

A

Vagus, wandering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

ventricul/o

A

Ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Two divisions of nervous system

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Central nervous system

A

Includes brain and spinal cord and is enclosed by bones of the skull and spinal cord
Receives impulses, processes them, and responds with action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves and neural tissues branching throughout the body from 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Links CNS with other parts of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells, functional units of nervous system that act as specialized conductors of impulses, allow body to interact with environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Neuroglia

A

Act as supporting tissue to neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Nerve fibers and tracts

A

Conduct impulses from one location to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Brain

A

Governs sensory perception, emotions, consciousness, memory, and voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Spinal cord

A

Conducts sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses to body parts, and serves as reflex center for impulses entering and leaving spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Provide sensory input and motor control or combo of these

12 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Carry impulses to spinal cord and to muscles, organs, and glands
31 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Controls involuntary functions and stimulates adrenal gland to release epinephrine, causes adrenaline rush
Sympathetic(fight or flight) and parasympathetic division(rest and digest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

3 types of neurons

A

Motor, sensory, and interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Motor neurons

A

Cause muscle movement and gland secretion, thereby controlling most of body’s functions
Axon and dendrites extending away in several directions, and the axon can be as long as several feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Axon

A

Long and covered with myelin sheath, which increases transmission speed of nerve fiber, and can be several feet long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Dendrites

A

Resemble tree branches and are short and unsheathed, transmit impulses to cell body
Receive impulses from another axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Don’t really have true dendrites, but have a peripheral that resembles an axon and transmits impulses to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Afferent nerves

A

Sensory neurons, they carry impulses from sensory receptors into the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Interneurons

A

Central or associative neurons
Located entirely in CNS
Mediate impulses between sensory and motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Nerve fibers

A

In PNS they have myelin sheath and outer layer of neurolemma made of Schwann cells
In CNS they don’t have Schwann cells
Damage to CNS fibers are permanent, but damage to PNS fibers is reversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Nerves

A

Collection of nerve fibers outside CNS

Afferent (sensory, into) and efferent (motor, exit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Efferent nerves

A

Motor nerves that conduct away from CNS to muscles, organs, and glands

56
Q

Nerve tracts

A

Groups of fibers in CNS that have same origin, function, and termination

  • Spinal cord has afferent sensory tracts (ascending) and efferent motor tracts (descending)
  • brain has numerous tracts, largest being corpus callosum
57
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Specialized to specific types of stimulation, and react by initiating s chemic change or impulse

58
Q

All or none principle

A

No nerve impulse occurs until the stimulus reaches a set minimum strength (threshold), then a maximum impulse is produced

59
Q

How is a nerve impulse transmitted?

A

Via synapse at end of an axon across a synaptic cleft to another neurons dendrites
Neurotransmitters take impulse across cleft

60
Q

Grey matter

A

Unsheathed cell bodies and true dendrites, part of brain and spinal cord

61
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated nerve fibers, part of brain and spinal cord

62
Q

CNS in spinal cord

A

H-shaped core of gray cell bodies surrounded by tracts of fibers connected to the brain

63
Q

CNS in the brain

A

Surface (cortex) is grey matter, most of internal structure is white matter

64
Q

Cerebrum

A

Evaluates and controls all sensory and motor activity, emotions, consciousness, memory, and voluntary movements

65
Q

Cerebellum

A

Integrates sensory perception and motor output, and participates in attention and processing of language, music, and other sensory stimuli
Located at back of skull

66
Q

Diencephalon

A

Second portion of the brain and refers to thalamus and hypothalamus

67
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay center for all senses except smell being transmitted to sensory area of cortex, and relays motor impulses from cerebellum to motor areas

68
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Under thalamus
Regulates autonomic nervous activity and contains hormones important for controlling metabolic activities (sugar and fat metabolism, circadian rhythms, body temp)

69
Q

3 areas of brainstem

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

70
Q

Midbrain

A

Two way conduction pathway for visual and auditory impulses. Contains corpora quadrigemina (4 masses of grey cells)

71
Q

Pons

A

Links cerebellum and medulla to higher cortical areas, regulates breathing, and has a role in somatic and visceral motor control

72
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor control center; regulates breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure

73
Q

Gyrus

A

Aka convolution

Bulge of cerebrum

74
Q

Sulcus

A

Each shallow furrow of cerebrum

75
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Surface of cerebrum made of grey cell bodies, and divided into frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes

76
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Major motor area, site for personality and speech

77
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Sensory(temp, pressure, touch, muscle control) input from all over, interprets language, known as somesthetic

78
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Hearing, smell, language input

79
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Primary visual processing area

80
Q

Infundibulum

A

Narrow stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

81
Q

Brainstem

A

Lower part of brain, main motor and sensory inner cation to face and neck via cranial nerves
Visual, auditory, and sensory information; regulates cardiac and respiratory function
-PIVOTAL IN SLEEP CYCLE

82
Q

Corpora quadrigemina

A

4 masses of grey cells in midbrain
Upper two associated with visual reflexes (superior colliculi)
Lower two involved with hearing (inferior colliculi)

83
Q

White matter

A

Provides sensory input to brain and motor impulses from brain to spine

84
Q

Conus medullaris

A

Between T12 and L1 where spinal cord becomes comically tapered

85
Q

Filum terminale

A

Terminal thread of fibrous tissue that extends from conus medullaris to S2

86
Q

Cauda equina

A

Horses tail

Terminal portion of spinal cord that forms nerve fibers that are the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves

87
Q

Functions of spinal cord

A

Conduct sensory impulses to brain and motor impulses from brain
Serve as reflex center for impulses entering and leaving w/o brain involvement

88
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

CSF
Cushions brain and spinal cord from shock and supports brain
Produced by choroid plexuses in brain ventricles, colorless fluid surrounding brain and spinal cord
Circulated through ventricles, central canal, and subarachnoid space

89
Q

Arachnoid villi

A

Projections of arachnoid membrane, penetrate dura mater

They remove CSF from circulation and allow it to drain into superior sagittal sinus

90
Q

Dorsal or sensory root

A

Division of spinal nerve that contains afferent fibers

91
Q

Ventral root

A

Division of spinal nerve that contains efferent fibers

92
Q

Cervical spinal nerves

A

8 pairs

93
Q

Thoracic spinal nerves

A

12 pairs

94
Q

Lumbar spinal nerves

A

5 pairs

95
Q

Sacral spinal nerves

A

5 pairs

96
Q

Coccygeal spinal nerves

A

1 pair

97
Q

Two primary branches from each spinal nerve

A

Dorsal rami and ventral rami

98
Q

Dorsal rami

A

Branch of spinal nerve that carries motor and sensory fibers to muscles and skin of back. Serve area from back of head to coccyx

99
Q

Ventral rami

A

Branch of spinal nerve that carries motor and sensory fibers to muscles and organs including arms, legs, hands, and feet

100
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Part of the PNS and controls involuntary bodily functions

Mainly made of efferent fibers from certain cranial and spinal nerves

101
Q

Sympathetic division

A

Division of autonomic, consists of branches from ventral roots of 12 thoracic and 3 lumbar nerves, form masses outside spinal cord called sympathetic trunk which runs from base of head to coccyx

102
Q

Fight or flight

A

Produced by sympathetic division, and includes increased alertness, metabolic rate, respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, and decreased digestive and urinary function. Triggers release of epinephrine

103
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

Division of autonomic, branches from 4 cranial nerves and 3 sacral nerves, extend to ganglia near the organs. Regulates everyday activity such as slowing heart rate and reducing blood pressure. Rest and digest

104
Q

Symptoms of Alzheimer’s

A

Anger, aggression, anxiety, and apathy

105
Q

Local anesthetic

A

Black nerve transmission in area they are applied

106
Q

General anesthetic

A

Affect CNS and produce partial or complete unconsciousness. Produce analgesia, skeletal muscle relaxation, and reduced reflexes

107
Q

Cerebral angiography

A

Making X-ray record of cerebral arterial system. Radiopaque substance injected into arm or next and X-rays are taken

108
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis

A

Examination of CSF for color, pressure, pH, and levels of protein, glucose, and leukocytes

109
Q

Computed tomography

A

Cat

Diagnostic procedure used to study brain structure

110
Q

Echoencephalography

A

Using ultrasound to determine presence of centrally located mass in brain

111
Q

Electroencephalography

A

EEG

Measuring electrical activity of brain via electroencephalograph

112
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

LP

Insertion of needle into lumbar subarachnoid space to remove CSF and then CSF analysis is performed

113
Q

Myelogram

A

X-ray of spinal canal after injection of radiopaque dye

114
Q

Neurological examination

A

Assessment of vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch, pain, position, temp, gait, muscle strength, coordination, and reflex action to determine neurological status

115
Q

Positron emission tomography

A

PET

Computer based nuclear imaging procedure that makes 3-D pictures of organ functioning

117
Q

Ultrasonography, brain

A

High frequency sound waves to record echoes on an oscilloscope and film

118
Q

akathisia

A

inability to remain still; motor restlessness and anxiety

119
Q

akinesia

A

loss or lack of voluntary motion
a- lack of
-kinesia motion, movement

120
Q

aphasia

A

loss or lack of the ability to speak
a- lack of
-phasia speech

121
Q

apraxia

A

loss or lack of the ability to use objects properly and recognize common ones; lack of ability to perform daily tasks of living
a- lack of
-praxia action

122
Q

asthenia

A

loss or lack of strength
a- lack of
-sthenia strength

123
Q

craniotomy

A

surgical incision into the skull. operation in which a bone flap is removed from the skull to access the brain
crani/o skull
-tomy incision

124
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges of the spinal cord or brain. most recover with early diagnosis and prompt treatment
mening/o membrane, meninges
-itis inflammation

125
Q

neuralgia

A

pain in a nerve or nerves
neur/o nerve
-algia pain

126
Q

amnesia

A

condition in which there is a loss or lack of memory
a- lack of
mnes memory
-ia condition

127
Q

analgesia

A

condition in which there is a lack of sensation of pain
an- lack of
-algesia condition of pain

128
Q

anesthesia

A

loss or lack of the sense of feeling
an- lack of
-esthesia feeling

129
Q

subdural

A

pertaining to below the dura mater
sub- below
dur dura, hard
-al pertaining to

130
Q

endorphins

A

chemical substances produced in the brain that act as natural analgesics and provide feelings of pleasure

131
Q

epidural

A

pertaining to on the dura mater, form of regional anesthetic involving injection of medication into the epidural space. blocks transmission of signals through nerves in/near spinal cord
epi- upon
dur dura, hard
-al pertaining to

132
Q

herpes zoster

A

viral disease characterized by painful vesicular eruptions along the segment of the spinal or cranial nerves (aka shingles)

133
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of the lower part of the body and of both legs
para- beside
-plegia stroke, paralysis

134
Q

paresis

A

slight, partial, or incomplete paralysis

135
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation, feeling of numbness, prickling, or tingling
par- beside
-esthesia feeling

136
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord
poli/o grey
myel/o spinal cord
-itis inflammation

137
Q

stroke

A

death of brain tissue that occurs when brain doesn’t get enough blood or oxygen. can be thrombotic or hemorrhagic

138
Q

sympathectomy

A

surgical excision of a portion of the sympathetic nervous system
sympath sympathy
-ectomy surgical excision

Med Term (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions