Ch. 18-Male Reproductive System Flashcards
Male reproductive system consists of:
scrotum, penis, testes, urethra, bulbourethral gland, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and various ducts
vital function of male reproductive system:
provide sperm cells necessary to fertilize the ovum, perpetuating the species
scrotum
pouch like structure behind and below penis that acts as a natural climate control center for the testicles in order to maintain viability of sperm. normal body temp would kill sperm, so temp remains a degree or two lower
penis
male organ of copulation and urination, site of orifice for elimination of urine and semen
contains 3 longitudinal columns of erectile tissue
testes
two ovoid-shaped organs in the scrotum that provide male sex hormone, testosterone, and contain seminiferous tubules that are the site of sperm formation and development
epididymis
site for maturation of sperm, coiled tube that lays on posterior area of testis
vas deferens
excretory duct of the testis; conveys sperm to urethra
seminal vesicles
produce a slightly alkaline fluid that becomes part of seminal fluid or semen
prostate gland
surrounds first 2.5 cm of urethra and secretes alkaline fluid that helps keep viability of sperm. located behind bladder
bulbourethral or cowper glands
produce mucous secretion before ejaculation; often appears on tip of penis. located on either side of urethra
urethra
transmits urine and semen out of body
testosterone
male sex hormone produced by cells in testes that is responsible for development of secondary male characteristics during puberty
smegma
lubricating fluid secreted by glands in the foreskin
erectile state results when:
sexual stimulation causes large acts of blood from dilated arteries supplying the penis to fill spaces in erectile tissue
benign prostatic hyperplasia
BPH
enlargement of the prostate, can happen in older men.
prostate obstructs urethra and interferes with urine passage
prostatectomy
removal of part of the prostate gland
what happens in males with aging?
it enlarges and decreases secretions, testes become smaller and testosterone gradually decreases
refractory period
time span between orgasms when men are not physically able to have another orgasm; lengthens in older men
by age 60, how many men have enlarged prostate?
4/5
transurethral microwave thermotherapy
TUMT
prostatron employs microwaves to heat and destroy excess prostate tissue
transurethral needle ablation
TUNA
delivers low level radio frequency energy through twin needles to burn away defined region of prostate
transurethral resection of the prostate
TURP
most common surgery; endoscopic instrument removes small pieces of prostate
transurethral incision of the prostate
TUIP
widens urethra with incisions in bladder neck
open surgery
used when a transurethral procedure cannot be done
laser surgery
vaporizes obstructing prostate tissue
Prostate cancer is what leading cause of cancer death in men?
second
How many men will get prostate cancer and how many will die?
1/6 will get it, 1/32 will die, but they are more likely to die WITH it than die FROM it
4 Stages of prostate cancer
Stage A and B- confined to the prostate gland
Stage C- spread to other tissues near prostate gland
Stage D- spread to lymph nodes or sites a distance away from the prostate
depending on grade and stage of prostate cancer, some management options are:
chemo, cryosurgery, external radiation, hormone therapy, radioactive implants, surgical removal of prostate, surgical removal of testicles
vasectomy
does not affect man’s ability to achieve orgasm or erection
vas deferens are cut and unable to reconnect, takes 4-6 weeks for sperm to stop appearing in semen
chlamydia
can be asymptomatic or have:
males- discharge from penis, burning and itching in genitals, dysuria, swollen testes, can cause infertility
females- discharge from vagina, cystitis, pelvic pain, can lead to infertility and PID
genital warts
males- cauliflower like growths on penis and perianal area
females- cauliflower like growths around vagina and perianal area
gonorrhea
males-purulent urethral discharge, dysuria, urinary frequency
females- purulent vaginal discharge, dysuria, urinary frequency, abnormal menstrual flow, can cause infertility and PID
herpes genitalis
males- fluid filled vesicles on penis
females- blisters in and around vagina
general- flulike symptoms, fever, headache, anorexia, muscle pain
syphilis
primary stage- chancre at point of infection
males- penis, anus, and rectum
females- vagina, cervix
both- lips, tongue, fingers, nipples
secondary stage- flulike symptoms with skin rash over moist, fatty areas of the body
late stage- difficulty with muscle movements, paralysis, gradual blindness, and dementia. can cause death
testosterone (drug)
replacement therapy in primary hypogonadism and to stimulate puberty in selected males
can be used as therapy for metastatic breast cancer in 1-5 year menopausal women
what does testosterone do in diabetic patients?
decrease blood sugar and insulin requirements
what does testosterone do to anticoagulants?
can decrease anticoagulant requirements
anabolic steroids
illegal form of testosterone that is abused by people seeking to increase muscle mass, strength, and overall ability
aspermia
condition involving lack of sperm or failure to ejaculate sperm
a- lack of
sperm seed
-ia condition
azoospermia
condition in which semen lacks spermatozoa a- lack of zo/o animal sperm seed -ia condition
gynecomastia
pathological condition of excessive development of mammary glands in a male
gynec/o female
mast/o breast
-ia condition
mitosis
ordinary condition of cell division
mit/o thread
-osis condition
oligospermia
condition in which there is insufficient sperm in the semen
oligo- scanty
sperm seed
-ia condition
orchiditis
inflammation of a testicle, also called orchitis
orchid/o testicle
-itis inflammation
orchidotomy
incision into a testicle
orchid/o testicle
-tomy incision
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate
prostat/o prostate
-itis inflammation
spermatogenesis
formation of spermatozoa
spermat/o seed, sperm
-genesis formation, produce
spermatozoa
male sex cell, singular form is spermatozoon
spermat/o seed, sperm
zoon life
spermicide
agent that kills sperm
sperm/i seed, sperm
-cide to kill
balan/o
glans penis
cis/o
to cut
crypt/o
hidden
didym/o
testis
ejaculat/o
to throw out
gon/o
genitals
gynec/o
female
mast/o
breast
mit/o
thread
orch/o
testicle
orchid/o
testicle
prostat/o
prostate
sperm/o
seed, sperm
sperm/i
seed, sperm
spermat/o
seed, sperm
testicul/o
testicle
varic/o
twisted vein
vas/o
vessel
vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
zo/o
animal
