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Nutrition > Ch. 9 > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Flashcards

1
Q

the spongy bone that is found within the ends of long bones is called _____

A

trabecular

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2
Q

what is false about trabecular bone

A

it comprises approximately 80% of the skeleton

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3
Q

when does bone growth and modeling start

A

during fetal development

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4
Q

bone _____ refers to the two-step process in which bone tissue is recycled

A

remodeling

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5
Q

bone cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called _____

A

osteoclasts

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6
Q

in addition to proper growth and development, bone remodeling is critical in maintaining _____

A

blood calcium levels

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7
Q

at what age does bone resorption generally begin to occur more rapidly than bone formation

A

40

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8
Q

a T-score between +1 and -1 on a DXA signifies _____

A

normal bone density

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9
Q

Marie is 55 years old and just had her first DXA assessment. The results indicated that she has a T-score of -1.5. What does her T-score indicate?

A

Compared to a 30 year old healthy adult, she has low bone mass

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10
Q

which of the following techniques can assess the risk of fracture

A

dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

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11
Q

what is the most abundant mineral in our body

A

calcium

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12
Q

what is false concerning calcium

A

99% of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue

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13
Q

what is not a function of calcium

A

promotes osteoclasts to break down bone

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14
Q

the average person will absorb no more than _____mg of calcium at one time

A

500

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15
Q

assuming equal serving sizes, which of the following foods would be the poorest source of calcium

A

cheddar cheese

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16
Q

the process called bone _____ determines the shape of bones

A

modeling

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17
Q

what is not a role that calcitonin plays when blood calcium levels are elevated

A

calcitonin stimulates the action of vitamin d

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18
Q

if a healthy individual were to consume too much calcium from the diet, what is most likely to occur

A

their gastrointestinal tract would limit the absorption of calcium

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19
Q

what organ is responsible for the synthesis of vitamin d

A

skin liver and kidneys (all of the above)

20
Q

where do humans obtain vitamin d

A

sunight

21
Q

the primary active form of vitamin d in the human body is _____

A

calcitriol

22
Q

what is our primary dietary source of vitamin d

A

milk

23
Q

vitamin d toxicity is associated with _____

A

supplements

24
Q

calcitonin is a hormone secreted b the _____ gland

A

thyroid

25
Q

individuals who have diseases that result in the malabsorption of _____ are at risk for a vitamin d deficiency

A

fat

26
Q

insufficient vitamin d during adulthood is associated with _____

A

osteomalacia

27
Q

what factor can not inhibit the synthesis of vitamin d

A

fair skin

28
Q

vitamin K serves as a _____ to various enzyes involved in the coagulation of blood

A

coenzyme

29
Q

newborn infants receive a single injection of vitamin k at birth due to the fact that _____

A

newborns do not have enough bacteria in their small intestine to make vitamin k

30
Q

vitamin k’s primary role in the body is _____

A

blood clotting

31
Q

in addition to dietary sources, vitamin K is produced in our _____

A

large intestine

32
Q

formed in our bones, hydroxyapatite crystals are mineral complexes comprised of calcium and _____

A

phsphorus

33
Q

what food is high in phosphorus

A

meat

34
Q

when blood calcium levels fall, what does not occur

A

PTH and vitamin d stimulate osteoblasts to break down bone

35
Q

most of the body’s phosphorus is stored in _____

A

the skeleton

36
Q

what food is a good source of magnesium

A

green leafy vegetables

37
Q

how can we increase our absorption of dietary magnesium

A

eat a high-protein diet

38
Q

the majority of our body’s flouride is stored in _____

A

the skeleton

39
Q

fluorosis is associated with _____

A

consuming too much fluoride

40
Q

the individual with the highest risk of developing a viamin d deficiency is an _____

A

elderly institutionalized adult who consumes no milk and receives little or no sun exposure

41
Q

the majority of the body’s magnesium is found in the _____

A

bones

42
Q

what is a poor source of dietary magnesium

A

refined grain products

43
Q

the hormone that assists in maintaining blood calcium levels by stimulating the activation of vitamin d is _____

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

44
Q

what factor does not contribute to low bone density in the adult years

A

early onset of menarche in females

45
Q

phosphorus consumption has increased approximately 10-15% over the past 30 years. this is largely due to the increase consumption of _____

A

processed foods

Nutrition (15 decks)

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