Ch. 6 Flashcards
what element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat
nitrogen
what dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by the body
the dna inside the nucleus of the cell
what is not part of an amino acid molecule
a fatty acid group
what part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids
side chain
the part of the protein molecule that carries nitrogen is the
amine group
in phenylketonuria PKU what amino acid becomes conditionally essential
tyrosine
polypeptides are a string of ___ amino acids
more than 10
a proteins ___ structure refers to the twisting spiral shaped formed by the sequence and chemical properties of its amino acid
secondary
a complete protein ___
contains all 9 essential amino acids
the process of transferring the amine group form one amino acid to another s called ___
transamination
two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. what is the by-product of this process
water
what food would be a source of a complete protein
chicken
egg whites stiffen when they are whipped. the change that occurs in the protein is called ___
denaturation
in what structure of the mammalian cell are proteins synthesized
ribosome
how do proteins differ from carbohydrates and fats
proteins contain nitrogen
the process through which mRNA copies genetic information from DNA and carries it to the ribosome is called
transcription
which of the following is the most complete protein from a plant source.
soybeans
of the 20 amino acids relevant to the human body, how many are considered nonessential
11
a ___ is a body protein that is stored in a gland and secreted to an organ to restore normal body conditions or balance
hormone
in the body, buffers are very important in ___
maintaining acid-base balance in the body
what is not a major function of protein in the body
providing energy to the body
what protein is fundamental to the immune system
antibodies
proteases are
enzymes that break down protein in the small intestine
conduction of nerve signals and contraction of muscles depends on the propper balance of ___
electrolytes
significant chemical digestion of protein begins in the ___
stomach
the process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called___
mutual supplementation
who would be most likely to be in positive nitrogen balance
a 29 yo woman that is 6 months pregnatn
to conserve body protein for its vital functions and not use it to provide energy, you should ___
eat adequate amounts of carbohydrate and fat to conserve protein for other functions
what is not typically a nutrient of concern for vegans
vitamin c
the type of vegetarian who eats vegetables, grains, fruits, eggs, and milk but excludes all other types of animal protein is called a ___
lacto-ovo vegetarian
the type of proten energy malnutiriton characterized by a general lack of protein in the diet is called ___
kwashiorkor
during the process of protein synthesis, ___ is the steop in whcih messenger rna is decoded into an amino acid sequence at the cells ribosome
translation
the absorption of proteins occures in the ___
small intestine
an acid-base imbalance can result in ___
coma and death
what health problem is not associated with high protein intakes
sickle cell anemia
what supplement would you recommend to a vegan
vitamin b12
well planned vegetarian diets can reduce the risk of most chronic diseases except
anemia
what is not associated with kwashiorkor
flat belly and abdomen
vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of ___
antioxidants
