Ch. 8

Question 1

the smallest physical units of a substance are

Answer 1

atoms

Question 2

carbon and hydrogen are two examples of

Answer 2

atoms

Question 3

in an atom, the nucleus has a positive charge and the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have a ___ charge

Answer 3

negative

Question 4

a chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons is

Answer 4

oxidation

Question 5

what is not true about free radicals

Answer 5

our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals

Question 6

what is an exchange reaction

Answer 6

a two-part metabolic reaction that involves a loss and gain of electrons

Question 7

free radicals

Answer 7

are formed by exposure to air polllution and tobacco smoke

Question 8

what is a required componet of an antioxidant enzyme system

Answer 8

antioxidant minerals

Question 9

how do antioxidant minerals stabilize free radicals

Answer 9

break down and convert them to less damaging molecules

Question 10

what disease has not been linked to free radical damange

Answer 10

type 1 diabetes

Question 11

examples of antioxidant enxyme systems include superoxide dismutase, ___, and glutathione peroxidase

Answer 11

catalase

Question 12

the most powerful and abundant form of vitamin e is

Answer 12

alpha-tocopherol

Question 13

which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin e after it has been oxidized

Answer 13

vitamin c

Question 14

about 90% of vitamin e is stored in

Answer 14

adipose tissue

Question 15

what is not a function of vitamin e

Answer 15

improving the absorption of vitamin c if dietary intake is low

Question 16

what food is rich in sources of vitamin e

Answer 16

mayonnaise, begetable oils, nuts, and seeds

Question 17

taking vitamin e suplements along with ___ can cause uncontrollable bleeding

Answer 17

anticoagulants

Question 18

a deficiency of ___ can result in the erythrocyte hemolysis, leading to anemia

Answer 18

vitamin e

Question 19

what nutrient requires the most frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores

Answer 19

vitamin c

Question 20

the deficiency disease associated with vitamin c is

Answer 20

scurvy

Question 21

what is false about vitamin c

Answer 21

smokers sould consume less vitamin c than non smokers

Question 22

what increases the rda fro vitamin c

Answer 22

smoking cigarettes

Question 23

what cooking method would destroy the most vitamin c in food

Answer 23

boiling

Question 24

what is a rich source of vitamin c

Answer 24

green and red peppers

Question 25

consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin c supplements would be most harmful to individuals suffering from

Answer 25

hemochromatosis

Question 26

symptoms of a vitamin c deficiency include

Answer 26

bleeding gums and loose teeth

Question 27

beta-carotene is a precursor of

Answer 27

retinol

Question 28

what is not true about carotenoids

Answer 28

beta-carotene is the only cartenoid that functions as an antioxidant

Question 29

most of the bodys vitamin a is stores in the

Answer 29

liver

Question 30

the most critical role that vitamin a plays in the human body is

Answer 30

maintaining healthy vision

Question 31

the light sensitive pigment found in rod cells is formed by retinal and opsin is

Answer 31

rhodopsin

Question 32

what food would be the best dietary source of preformed vitamin a

Answer 32

egg

Question 33

both keshan disease and kashin-beck disease are associated with a ___ deficiency

Answer 33

selenium

Question 34

what is false about the mineral selenium

Answer 34

selenium is present only in foods of animal origin

Question 35

what hormone requires selenium for its synthesis

Answer 35

thyroxine

Question 36

where does the body store selenium

Answer 36

in amino acids in the body

Question 37

diseases that cause the malbsorption of fat can result in a deficiency of ___

Answer 37

vitamin a

Question 38

what mineral can function as an antioxidant

Answer 38

selenium