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Nutrition > Ch. 14 > Flashcards

Ch. 14 Flashcards

1
Q

inadequate intakes of ____ during pregnancy are associated with neural tube defects in the fetus

A

folate

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2
Q

the point at which the ovum becomes fertilized by the perm is

A

conception

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3
Q

substances that lead to birth defects are called

A

teratogens

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4
Q

what is not a benefit of breastfeeding for the infant

A

the fat in breast milk is difficult for the infant to digest

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5
Q

the inner portion of the zygote that implants in the uterine lining is called the _____

A

blastocyst

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6
Q

from the third month of pregnancy until birth the developing human is called a

A

fetus

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7
Q

what is not a reason infants are at higher risk of dehydration than adults

A

infants have kidneys that produce highly concentrated urine

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8
Q

the average weight and height for a healthy newborn in the US is _____ pounds and 18-22 inches long

A

7 1/2

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9
Q

a low birth weight infants is one that weighs less than _____ pounds

A

5.5

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10
Q

what trimester of pregnancy is the fetus the most vulnerable to teratogens

A

first

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11
Q

recommended weight gain during pregnancy is based on the

A

mother’s weight before becoming pregnant

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12
Q

what is false regarding calcium needs during pregnancy

A

the extra demand for calcium during pregnancy has been shown to cause bone demineralization and increase the risk of future fractures

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13
Q

during the second and third trimesters, the caloric needs of a pregnant woman increase by 350 to ____ kilocalories per day

A

450

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14
Q

which faty acid is critical to fetal brain and eye development

A

docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

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15
Q

rich dietary sources of DHA include

A

mackerel and salmon

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16
Q

to avoid _____ contamination during pregnancy, fish consumption should not exceed 12oz a week

A

mercury

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17
Q

it is suggested that ____ percent of neural tube defects could be prevented if all women of childbearing age consumed adequate amounts of folate or folic acid

A

70

18
Q

at what point during pregnancy is adequate folate most important

A

during the first four weeks after concption

19
Q

macrocytic anemia results from a deficienc of

A

vitamin b12

20
Q

what is false regarding vitamin b12 during pregnancy

A

the RDA for vitamin b12 doubles during pregnancy

21
Q

during pregnancy excess consumption of ______ is associated with birth defects

A

vitamin a

22
Q

fetal demand for iron is highest during the

A

third trimester

23
Q

with the exception of ____, most of a pregnant womans nutrient needs can be met by consuming a nutrient dense diet

A

iron

24
Q

what enhances the absorption of iron

A

vitamin c

25
Q

the american academy of pediatrics recommends that all breast fed infants be given a ____ supplement to decrease the risk of developing rickets

A

vitamin d

26
Q

a normal weight woman should gain approximately 25 to _____ pounds during pregnancy

A

35

27
Q

the primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux and constipation during pregnancy is

A

relaxation of the smooth muscles

28
Q

what is not associated with gestational diabetes

A

delivery of a low birth weight infant

29
Q

what is not a symptom of preeclampsia

A

unexplained and rapid weight loss

30
Q

the only thing that will “cure” eclampsia is

A

delivery of the infant

31
Q

during pregnancy what amount of alcohol consumption is considered safe

A

none

32
Q

during the first six months of lactation, the daily caloric needs of the mother increase by _____ calories as compared to prepregnancy levels

A

330

33
Q

the hormones that prepare the breasts physically for lactation are estrogen and

A

prolactin

34
Q

the stimulus that is needed for continued and sustained production of breast milk is

A

infant suckling

35
Q

what hormone is referred to as the “let down” hormone

A

oxytocin

36
Q

milk that is low in fat and produced first in a nursing session is known as

A

foremilk

37
Q

what is not a maternal benefit of breastfeeding

A

shortens the intervals between pregnancies

38
Q

what is not good advice to give to a parent regarding the introduction of solids to their six month old infant

A

add honey to cereal and fruit to improve infant acceptance of these new foods

39
Q

why are newborn infants given a single injetion of vitamin K

A

the infants intestinal bacteria are not yet able to synthesize vitamin K

40
Q

why is it strongly recommened that infants not consume honey

A

honey contains spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum

Nutrition (15 decks)

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