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Nutrition > Ch. 4 > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what carbohydrate is the end product of photosynthesis

A

glucose

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2
Q

carbohydrates contain

A

carbon, hydroen ad oxygen

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3
Q

a disaccharide is formed by he chemical bonding of

A

two monosaccharides

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4
Q

what is the major monosaccharide found in the body

A

glucose

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5
Q

fructose is also known as

A

levulose

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6
Q

which of the following is a monosaccharide

A

galactose

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7
Q

when fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form ____ sugar

A

table

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8
Q

the term complex carbohydrates refers to

A

polysaccharides

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9
Q

the storage form of glucose in animals found in the liver and skeletal muscle is

A

glycogen

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10
Q

in the body, the major storage sites for glycogen are the muscles and

A

liver

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11
Q

which of the following enzymes is found in the mouth

A

salivary amylase

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12
Q

a technique employed by some endurance athletes to increase their storage of muscle glycogen is

A

carbohydrate loading

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13
Q

gluconeogenesis is

A

the synthesis of new glucose from amino acids

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14
Q

which of the following are the preferred fuels for most body functions

A

carbohydrate and fat

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15
Q

insulin is synthesized and released by the

A

pancreas

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16
Q

which of the following hormones is released when your blood sugar is too high

A

insulin

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17
Q

after a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body’s cells

A

insulin

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18
Q

which of the following best describes the glycemic index

A

the extent to which a given food raises blood glucose and insulin

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19
Q

which of the following is an example of a soluble fiber

A

pectins

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20
Q

in the absence of carbohydrate, _____ are produced from the incomplete breakdown of body fat

A

ketones

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21
Q

which of the following is associated with the development of ketosis

A

a diet that contains insufficient carbohydrate

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22
Q

what is not a symptom of ketosis

A

high blood cholesterol

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23
Q

a diet low in fiber is associated with an increased risk of developing

A

diverticulosis

24
Q

insoluble fiber consumption i associated with decreased

A

risk of diverticulosis

25
Q

which of the following are substances in plant foods that are not absorbed by the body

A

dietary fiber

26
Q

mucilage is a type of fiber used to

A

thicken jams and yogurts

27
Q

how many grams of carbohydrate per day are recommended to prevent ketosis in health individuals

A

130 grams

28
Q

what is not a health problem related to eating too much sugar

A

hyperactivity in children

29
Q

sugar alcohols are most often used in what products

A

chewing gums

30
Q

which artificial sweetener was almost banned because of a proposed relationship with bladder cancer

A

saccharin

31
Q

individuals with the disease phenylketonuris (PKU) should not consume artificial sweetener aspartame, why?

A

people with PKU can not metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine

32
Q

individuals with untreated _____ are at risk for developing ketoaciosis

A

diabetes mellitus

33
Q

the richest dietary source of resistant starch is

A

legumes

34
Q

why is meat not a good dietary source of glycogen

A

most of the glycogen found in meat is broken down when the animal is slaughtered

35
Q

the insoluble fiber that provides the main structural component of plant cell walls is

A

cellulose

36
Q

what hormone is not involved in maintaining blood glucose levels

A

thyroxin

37
Q

what is the recommended dietary allowance for carbohydrates for an adult 19 years of age or older

A

130

38
Q

the term enriched on a food label signifies that

A

the nutrients in the food were lost during processing and then added back in

39
Q

what artificial sweetener is made from sucrose

A

sucralose

40
Q

red blood cells and the brain rely on _____ for energy

A

glucose

41
Q

in photosynthesis the pigment _____ absorbs sunlight to make glucose

A

chlorophyll

42
Q

lactose is composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of

A

galactose

43
Q

the storage form of glucose in animals is

A

glycogen

44
Q

the majority of _____ digestion and absorption occurs in the small intestine

A

carbohydrate

45
Q

in the body, glycogen is stored in the _____ and the skeletal muscles

A

liver

46
Q

when blood glucose levels drop, the hormone _____ brings glucose out of storage to raise blood glucose levels

A

glucagon

47
Q

the term _____ refers to the production of new glucose from the breakdown of protein

A

gluconeogenisis

48
Q

the _____ load of a food is determined by the grams of carbohydrate it contains multiplied by its glycemic index

A

glycemic

49
Q

people with the disorder _____ should not consume aspartame

A

phynylketonuria

50
Q

a _____ food is one in which nutrients are added that did not originally exist in that food

A

fortified

51
Q

a lack of fiber in the diet can lead to sacs or pouches that protrude form the wall of the large intestine in the disease called

A

diverticulosis

52
Q

ketones are produced for energy when fat is broken down because _____ intake is insufficient

A

carbohydrate

53
Q

dietary fiber is the nondigestible parts of plants that form the support structures of leaves, stems, and seeds; _____ fiber is the nondigstible forms of carbohydrate extracted from plants or manufactured in a laboratory

A

functional

54
Q

the enzyme _____ amylase is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the mouth

A

salivary

55
Q

the primary energy source used by the body at rest is

A

fat

56
Q

a condition marked by blood glucose levels that are below normal fasting levels is

A

hypoglycemia

Nutrition (15 decks)

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