Ch. 4 Flashcards
what carbohydrate is the end product of photosynthesis
glucose
carbohydrates contain
carbon, hydroen ad oxygen
a disaccharide is formed by he chemical bonding of
two monosaccharides
what is the major monosaccharide found in the body
glucose
fructose is also known as
levulose
which of the following is a monosaccharide
galactose
when fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form ____ sugar
table
the term complex carbohydrates refers to
polysaccharides
the storage form of glucose in animals found in the liver and skeletal muscle is
glycogen
in the body, the major storage sites for glycogen are the muscles and
liver
which of the following enzymes is found in the mouth
salivary amylase
a technique employed by some endurance athletes to increase their storage of muscle glycogen is
carbohydrate loading
gluconeogenesis is
the synthesis of new glucose from amino acids
which of the following are the preferred fuels for most body functions
carbohydrate and fat
insulin is synthesized and released by the
pancreas
which of the following hormones is released when your blood sugar is too high
insulin
after a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body’s cells
insulin
which of the following best describes the glycemic index
the extent to which a given food raises blood glucose and insulin
which of the following is an example of a soluble fiber
pectins
in the absence of carbohydrate, _____ are produced from the incomplete breakdown of body fat
ketones
which of the following is associated with the development of ketosis
a diet that contains insufficient carbohydrate
what is not a symptom of ketosis
high blood cholesterol
a diet low in fiber is associated with an increased risk of developing
diverticulosis
insoluble fiber consumption i associated with decreased
risk of diverticulosis
which of the following are substances in plant foods that are not absorbed by the body
dietary fiber
mucilage is a type of fiber used to
thicken jams and yogurts
how many grams of carbohydrate per day are recommended to prevent ketosis in health individuals
130 grams
what is not a health problem related to eating too much sugar
hyperactivity in children
sugar alcohols are most often used in what products
chewing gums
which artificial sweetener was almost banned because of a proposed relationship with bladder cancer
saccharin
individuals with the disease phenylketonuris (PKU) should not consume artificial sweetener aspartame, why?
people with PKU can not metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine
individuals with untreated _____ are at risk for developing ketoaciosis
diabetes mellitus
the richest dietary source of resistant starch is
legumes
why is meat not a good dietary source of glycogen
most of the glycogen found in meat is broken down when the animal is slaughtered
the insoluble fiber that provides the main structural component of plant cell walls is
cellulose
what hormone is not involved in maintaining blood glucose levels
thyroxin
what is the recommended dietary allowance for carbohydrates for an adult 19 years of age or older
130
the term enriched on a food label signifies that
the nutrients in the food were lost during processing and then added back in
what artificial sweetener is made from sucrose
sucralose
red blood cells and the brain rely on _____ for energy
glucose
in photosynthesis the pigment _____ absorbs sunlight to make glucose
chlorophyll
lactose is composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of
galactose
the storage form of glucose in animals is
glycogen
the majority of _____ digestion and absorption occurs in the small intestine
carbohydrate
in the body, glycogen is stored in the _____ and the skeletal muscles
liver
when blood glucose levels drop, the hormone _____ brings glucose out of storage to raise blood glucose levels
glucagon
the term _____ refers to the production of new glucose from the breakdown of protein
gluconeogenisis
the _____ load of a food is determined by the grams of carbohydrate it contains multiplied by its glycemic index
glycemic
people with the disorder _____ should not consume aspartame
phynylketonuria
a _____ food is one in which nutrients are added that did not originally exist in that food
fortified
a lack of fiber in the diet can lead to sacs or pouches that protrude form the wall of the large intestine in the disease called
diverticulosis
ketones are produced for energy when fat is broken down because _____ intake is insufficient
carbohydrate
dietary fiber is the nondigestible parts of plants that form the support structures of leaves, stems, and seeds; _____ fiber is the nondigstible forms of carbohydrate extracted from plants or manufactured in a laboratory
functional
the enzyme _____ amylase is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the mouth
salivary
the primary energy source used by the body at rest is
fat
a condition marked by blood glucose levels that are below normal fasting levels is
hypoglycemia
