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MCAT Psych/Soc > Ch. 8- Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Ch. 8- Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

biomedical approach to psychological disorders

A

psychological disorders are physically-based conditions

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2
Q

biopsychosocial approach to psychological disorders

A

psychological disorders have important biological causative factors, but psychological factors also play a role

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3
Q

psychological disorder

A

mental or behavioral pattern causing significant distress to a person or impairing their ability to function within society

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4
Q

what entity is the current standard for classifying mental disorders?

A

the DSM-5

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5
Q

what are the 3 main types of depressive disorders?

A

major depressive disorder, dysthymia (persistent depressive disorder), and seasonal affective disorder

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6
Q

major depressive disorder (MDD)

A

at least one 2-week episode of major depression

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7
Q

dysthymia / persistent depressive disorder

A

less severe than major depressive disorder, but lasts for at least two years

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8
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

depression that has a regular seasonal onset

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9
Q

what are the 3 main subtypes of bipolar disorders?

A

Bipolar I, Bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder.

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10
Q

Bipolar I disorder

A

manic episodes; does not require depressive episodes to be classified

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11
Q

Bipolar II disorder

A

at least one major depressive episode and one or more episodes of hypomania

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12
Q

Cyclothymic disorder

A

less intense depressive episodes and hypomania

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13
Q

what are the 3 main subtypes of anxiety disorders?

A

generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and illness anxiety disorder

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14
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

extremely high levels of stress for routine, everyday aspects of life

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15
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

onset of intense feelings of stress in social situations

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16
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

excessive concern about medical conditions in the absence of physical symptoms

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17
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

presence of obsessions (intrusive thoughts) that can only be quieted temporarily by compulsions (ritualistic behaviors)

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18
Q

body dysmorphic disorder

A

obsessive focus on a percieved flaw in appearance (negligible or not present)

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19
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

caused by intense acute and/or chronic trauma. intrusive recollections (not necessarily visual), avoidance of stimuli related to trauma, negative mood/cognitions changes related to the traumatic event, altered patterns of reactivity and arousal

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20
Q

what are the 2 main types of somatic disorders?

A

somatic symptom disorder and conversion disorder

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21
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

excessive preoccupation with a physical symptom

22
Q

conversion disorder

A

impaired voluntary motor/sensory function with no apparent biological cause

23
Q

what are the two main types of dissociative disorders?

A

dissociative identity disorder and dissociative amnesia

24
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

having different personalities at different times in the same individual

25
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

retrograde amnesia in which people lose episodic memories of their own lives

26
Q

depersonalization/derealization disorder

A

disconnection from own existence, as if observing yourself

27
Q

what is the difference between positive and negative symptoms?

A

positive symptoms = add something that normal people don’t experience
negative symptoms = take away something that normal people usually have

28
Q

prodromal phase of schizophrenia

A

a period of poor social adjustment and integration before the onset of full schizophrenia

29
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought and behavior, catatonia (abnormal movement patterns)

30
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

lethargy, diminished initiative, diminished levels of emotional intensity

31
Q

proposed biological cause of schizophrenia

A

excess dopamine production and high heritability from parents

32
Q

major ways to treat schizophrenia

A

antipsychotics, neuroleptics, and therapy-based approaches

33
Q

Cluster A of personality disorders

A

paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders

34
Q

Cluster B of personality disorders

A

antisocial, narcissistic, histrionic, and borderline personality disorders

35
Q

Cluster C of personality disorders

A

avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders

36
Q

paranoid personality disorder

A

high level of distrust towards others, jealousy, and a tendency to interpret innocent actions as malevolently-intended

37
Q

schizoid personality disorder

A

marked preference for solitude, tendency to form few relationships, overall tendency towards emotional aloofness, coldness, and a restricted range of emotions

38
Q

schizotypal personality disorder

A

intense discomfort in social contexts, baby delusions

39
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of others, often violent and lacking remorse

40
Q

narcissistic personality disorder

A

pervasive sense of one’s unique talents, brilliance, etc. fantasies about unlimited success and power, shallow and conflict-driven relationships with others

41
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A

pattern of flashy, attention-seeking behavior, exaggerating but not always sincere emotional expressions

42
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

tendency for extremely intense (but unstable) emotions and moods, splitting (people are either all good or all bad), risky and impulsive behavior

43
Q

avoidant personality disorder

A

persistent sense of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to criticism, leading to avoidance of social situations

44
Q

dependent personality disorder

A

profound need to be taken care of by others, even when it’s something they could do themselves. prone to being abused in relationships

45
Q

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A

NOT OCD. excessive concern with orderliness, rules, etc. tend to be perfectionistic, controlling, inflexible, stubborn.

46
Q

Parkinson’s disease symptoms

A

tremors, slower/shuffling movements, loss of facial expressions, bent posture

47
Q

Parkinson’s disease biological basis

A

cell death in the substantia nigra in the brain, leading to reduced dopamine levels. do NOT give medication that produces a bunch of dopamine (ie. meth) because you can start having schizophrenia symptoms

48
Q

depression may be caused by deficiencies in what two main neurotransmitters?

A

serotonin and dopamine

49
Q

what medications are used to treat depression?

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) = force serotonin to stick around in the brain longer

50
Q
A

MCAT Psych/Soc (12 decks)

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