Ch. 10- Social Interactions

Question 1

verbal communication

Answer 1

the literal words that we speak/write/text/sign/etc.

Question 2

nonverbal communication

Answer 2

everything that’s not included as a form of verbal communication, fundamental type of communication for humans and animals

Question 3

major self-presentation strategies (5) (SIMAA)

Answer 3

self-disclosure, managing experiences, ingratiation, aligning actions, and altercasting

Question 4

dramaturgical approach to self-presentation or impression management

Answer 4

we maintain both a front-stage self and a back-stage self

Question 5

self-disclosure

Answer 5

you disclose something about yourself to signal something (ie. mention an activity with a significant other to hint that you’re not single)

Question 6

managing appearances

Answer 6

how you groom yourself, how you dress, and how you act

Question 7

ingratiation

Answer 7

“sucking up” to others- choosing to portray yourself in certain lights to others for some reason (ie. agree with your boss on something arbitrary)

Question 8

aligning actions

Answer 8

making the things you want sound more reasonable / not totally your idea (ie. what do you think about trying option X as it’s 20% more efficient? rather than hey this is the easiest way for me so let’s do that)

Question 9

altercasting

Answer 9

project an identity onto someone and then create the expectation that he or she should act the way you want.

Question 10

attraction

Answer 10

social behavior that is influenced by physical attractiveness, proximity, and similarity

Question 11

aggression

Answer 11

social behavior that is often found in hierarchical environments and regulated/restrained by the prefrontal cortex

Question 12

attachment

Answer 12

bond between children and caregivers- may be secure, ambivalent, avoidant, or disoriented/disorganized.

Question 13

mere exposure effect

Answer 13

we eventually develop preferences for familiar people and things

Question 14

secure attachment

Answer 14

mild distress when caregiver leaves, quickly self-regulating and happy on return

Question 15

ambivalent attachment

Answer 15

intense distress when caregiver leaves, mixed signals on return

Question 16

avoidant attachment

Answer 16

no concern when caregiver leaves or returns (from neglectful relationships)

Question 17

disorganized/disoriented attachment

Answer 17

hesitant/contradictory/confused behavior when caregiver leaves or returns

Question 18

altruism

Answer 18

helping others at the cost to oneself- may help genetically similar organisms (kin) to survive

Question 19

inclusive fitness

Answer 19

natural selection can act on groups

Question 20

types of social support

Answer 20

emotional support, informational support, material support, or companionship support

Question 21

informational support

Answer 21

providing people with helpful information

Question 22

material support

Answer 22

providing people with money or items they need

Question 23

companionship support

Answer 23

being with someone in a way that fosters belonging

Question 24

foraging

Answer 24

searching for food

Question 25

Fisherian selection

Answer 25

preference for physical traits or behaviors that have no use except for attracting mates (ie. peacock feathers)

Question 26

mating behavior

Answer 26

mate selection in a species and believed to often be non-random

Question 27

game theory

Answer 27

simulating games where all players are acting on incomplete information to make choices that affect one another (models ecological interactions)

Question 28

personal identity

Answer 28

the ways we perceive ourselves on a personal level

Question 29

social identity

Answer 29

the ways we see ourselves embedded in broader social categories

Question 30

demographic identity

Answer 30

race, ethnicity, and nationality

Question 31

gender identity

Answer 31

identity containing both sex and gender

Question 32

gender

Answer 32

social construct we use to identify ourselves

Question 33

sex

Answer 33

biological categories we use to identify ourselves

Question 34

sexual orientation

Answer 34

attraction to sexual partners, includes homosexuality, bisexuality, heterosexuality, asexuality, and pansexuality

Question 35

socioeconomic class is a category of:

Answer 35

identity

Question 36

religion is a category of:

Answer 36

identity

Question 37

identity formation is mediated by:

Answer 37

social factors

Question 38

looking-glass self

Answer 38

how we build perceptions of ourselves based on what others reflect back to us

Question 39

internalization

Answer 39

integrating information (of how others reflect ourselves to us) into our perception of self

Question 40

role-playing or role-taking

Answer 40

putting yourself in the role of someone else

Question 41

impression management

Answer 41

we seek to control how others see us

Question 42

self-concept

Answer 42

our perception of ourselves, made up of several self-schemas

Question 43

self-schemas

Answer 43

traits that we ascribe to ourselves

Question 44

self-efficacy

Answer 44

the degree to which people think they have control over their circumstances, situation, and behavior

Question 45

self-esteem

Answer 45

someone’s sense of self-worth