Ch. 10- Social Interactions Flashcards
verbal communication
the literal words that we speak/write/text/sign/etc.
nonverbal communication
everything that’s not included as a form of verbal communication, fundamental type of communication for humans and animals
major self-presentation strategies (5) (SIMAA)
self-disclosure, managing experiences, ingratiation, aligning actions, and altercasting
dramaturgical approach to self-presentation or impression management
we maintain both a front-stage self and a back-stage self
self-disclosure
you disclose something about yourself to signal something (ie. mention an activity with a significant other to hint that you’re not single)
managing appearances
how you groom yourself, how you dress, and how you act
ingratiation
“sucking up” to others- choosing to portray yourself in certain lights to others for some reason (ie. agree with your boss on something arbitrary)
aligning actions
making the things you want sound more reasonable / not totally your idea (ie. what do you think about trying option X as it’s 20% more efficient? rather than hey this is the easiest way for me so let’s do that)
altercasting
project an identity onto someone and then create the expectation that he or she should act the way you want.
attraction
social behavior that is influenced by physical attractiveness, proximity, and similarity
aggression
social behavior that is often found in hierarchical environments and regulated/restrained by the prefrontal cortex
attachment
bond between children and caregivers- may be secure, ambivalent, avoidant, or disoriented/disorganized.
mere exposure effect
we eventually develop preferences for familiar people and things
secure attachment
mild distress when caregiver leaves, quickly self-regulating and happy on return
ambivalent attachment
intense distress when caregiver leaves, mixed signals on return
avoidant attachment
no concern when caregiver leaves or returns (from neglectful relationships)
disorganized/disoriented attachment
hesitant/contradictory/confused behavior when caregiver leaves or returns
altruism
helping others at the cost to oneself- may help genetically similar organisms (kin) to survive
inclusive fitness
natural selection can act on groups
types of social support
emotional support, informational support, material support, or companionship support
informational support
providing people with helpful information
material support
providing people with money or items they need
companionship support
being with someone in a way that fosters belonging
foraging
searching for food
Fisherian selection
preference for physical traits or behaviors that have no use except for attracting mates (ie. peacock feathers)
mating behavior
mate selection in a species and believed to often be non-random
game theory
simulating games where all players are acting on incomplete information to make choices that affect one another (models ecological interactions)
personal identity
the ways we perceive ourselves on a personal level
social identity
the ways we see ourselves embedded in broader social categories
demographic identity
race, ethnicity, and nationality
gender identity
identity containing both sex and gender
gender
social construct we use to identify ourselves
sex
biological categories we use to identify ourselves
sexual orientation
attraction to sexual partners, includes homosexuality, bisexuality, heterosexuality, asexuality, and pansexuality
socioeconomic class is a category of:
identity
religion is a category of:
identity
identity formation is mediated by:
social factors
looking-glass self
how we build perceptions of ourselves based on what others reflect back to us
internalization
integrating information (of how others reflect ourselves to us) into our perception of self
role-playing or role-taking
putting yourself in the role of someone else
impression management
we seek to control how others see us
self-concept
our perception of ourselves, made up of several self-schemas
self-schemas
traits that we ascribe to ourselves
self-efficacy
the degree to which people think they have control over their circumstances, situation, and behavior
self-esteem
someone’s sense of self-worth
