Ch. 1- Experimental Designs and Methods Flashcards
what do experimental studies do?
manipulate an independent variable to observe the change in a dependent variable
what axis are independent variables usually displayed on in graphs?
usually the x-axis
in experimental studies, which variable is manipulated?
the independent variable
in experimental studies, which variable changes in response to a change in the other?
the dependent variable
what axis are dependent variables usually displayed on in graphs?
usually the y-axis
what are confounding variables?
things that affect both the independent and dependent variables
what are mediating variables?
things that provide a causal link between two variables
what are moderating variables?
things that change the intensity of a relationship between two other variables
what is the process of making a variable measurable?
operationalization
in experimental studies, what are negative controls?
control groups where they receive no treatment/placebo
in experimental studies, what are positive controls?
control groups where they receive something else that does the thing you’re looking for (that’s not the thing being tested itself)
what is the purpose of randomization and blinding in studies?
to improve validity (making sure as few things are messing with the real outcome as possible)
what happens in randomized controlled trials?
participants are assigned randomly to either a treatment or control group
what do observational studies do?
analyze relationships among variables but DON’T manipulate anything
what do cross-sectional studies do?
sample a population, measure things about that group