Ch. 8 Personal Protective Equipment Flashcards
Before the use of any PPE, it should undergo _________ to ensure that piece of equipment is absolutely response ready.
A thorough visual inspection
All responders charged with responding to hazmat/WMD incidents should be proficient with _____________ as well as the manufacturers guidelines for _____, ______, ______, _______ and _________ for PPE provided by AHJ.
Local procedures for technical decon
Maintenance, testing, inspection, storage, and documentation
Level A suits are required to be pressure-tested usually ________, ________, and _________.
Upon receipt from manufacturer
After each use
Annually
Keep in mind that __________ have a shelf life.
Single-use AND reusable garments
BOTH
Chemical protective garments tested in accordance with ______ or following the method outlined in __________.
Manufacturers recommendation
HAZWOPER , appendix A.
During pressure test, if over specified period of time, suit has lost more than a certain percentage ( ___________ ), it is assumed the suit has a leak.
Usually 20 percent of pressure
Any garment with a leak should be _____________ in accordance with manuf. spec.
Removed from service until the defect is identified AND repaired
_______ sets the design, testing, and certification requirements for the SCBA in the United States.
NIOSH
TRACEMP
Thermal. Radiological. Asphyxiant. Chemical. Etiological/biological. Mechanical. Psychogenic
Ammonia is flammable at concentrations of __________ and exposure to a concentration of approx. ______ is considered IDLH.
15-25 %
300 ppm
(Possibility of concentration exceeding 300 ppm = SCBA)
_______ sets the design, testing, and certification requirements for the SCBA in the United States.
NIOSH
TRACEMP
Thermal. Radiological. Asphyxiant. Chemical. Etiological/biological. Mechanical. Psychogenic
4 levels of PPE
Street clothing/work uniform
Structural FFing protective equipment
High-temperature protective equipment
Chemical-protective clothing
Is not considered “chemical protection” because fabric may break down.
Helmet, bunker coat/pants, boots, gloves, hood, SCBA, pass.
Intended to protect against thermal and mechanical hazards.
Protection against alpha/beta, although not primary function
Structural Firefighting protective equipment
Designed to protect chemicals from coming in contact with body.
Not intended for thermal, or to protect from torn fabric, chemical damage, mechanical damage
Chemical-protective clothing
May best address unusually high thermal hazards (aircraft).
Shields wearer during short-term exposures to high temp.
Sometimes referred to as proximity suit.
Allows to work in extreme fire conditions
High-temperature-protective equipment
Least amount of protection.
May prevent a noncaustic powder from coming into direct contact with the skin.
Distance from hazard is best level of protection with this PPE.
Street clothing/normal work uniforms
To help you estimate the chemical resistance of a particular garment, manufacturers supply _______ with all of their protective equipment.
Compatibility charts
Factors that affect the chemical resistance of materials
Storage conditions. Temperature. Resistance to cuts. Tears. Abrasions. Flexibility. Shelf life. Sizing criteria
Chemical-resistant materials are specifically designed to inhibit or resist the passage of chemicals into and through the material by the processes of ______, _______ and _______.
Penetration.
Permeation.
Degradation.
Process by which a hazardous chemical moves through a given material on the molecular level.
Occurs through the suit itself vs openings
Permeation
Physical destruction or decomposition of a clothing material owing to chemical exposure, general use or ambient conditions. Charring. Shrinking. Swelling. Color changes. Dissolving.
Degradation
Flow or movement of a hazardous chemical through closures such as zippers, seams, porous materials, pinholes, or other imperfections in the material
Penetration
Chemical compatibility charts are based on two properties of the material:
Breakthrough time AND permeation-breakthrough “how long” and permeation “how much”.
good breakthrough time would be MORE than 480 minutes
Degradation is the physical destruction or decomposition of a clothing material owing to _______, _______ or _________.
Chemical exposure.
General use.
Ambient conditions.
Degradation
Evidenced by visible signs such as ______, ______, ______, ________ or _________.
Charring. Shrinking. Swelling. Color changes. Dissolving.
Fabric degradation is possible:
Chemicals are so aggressive.
When suit fabric is a poor match for the suspect substance
Chemical-protective clothing can be CONSTRUCTED as a _______ or _________ garment.
Level A protection is ALMOST always built as an __________.
Multi-piece garments are found as ____________.
Single.
Multi-piece.
Encapsulated one-piece (not “single-piece”).
Level B and C.
CPC - both single- and multi-piece- are classified into two major categories: __________ and ___________ clothing.
Vapor-protective.
Liquid splash-protective
Fully encapsulating clothing OFFERS full body protection from highly toxic environments and requires wearer to use an air-supplied respiratory device such as SCBA.
Vapor-protective clothing
Reusable garments are required to be tested __________ and ___________.
Regular intervals.
After each use
Fully encapsulating garment that completely ENVELOPS both the wearer and the respiratory protection, gloves, boots, and communications equipment.
SCBA OR SAR
Level A ensemble
Number of tests against vapor-protective and liquid splash-protective clothing
VP - permeation 21 standard chemicals, “several” toxic industrial chemicals and 2 chemical weapons.
LSP - penetration 5 chemicals (no gases)
Everyone should know the basic communication “_________” position to ensure that in the event of an emergency (loss of breathing air, SCBA cylinder failure or acute illness and injury) anyone having visual contact with the responders will quickly understand that a problem is occurring.
Fall back
NFPA 1994 covers 3 classes of equipment: Class 2, 3 and 4. HAZWOPER classify ensemble levels as A, B, C and D. The main difference between their system and NFPA 1994 classification is that NFPA 1994 covers __________________ and _____________________.
The performance of the garment AND factors in the performance of the respiratory system
1994 covers class 2, 3 and 4. They are?
2-liquid splash with SCBA.
3-liquid splash with APR.
4-particles and liquid-borne viral.
HAZWOPER states all employees engaged in emergency response who are exposed to HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES shall wear __________.
A positive pressure SCBA
_____ protection, when worn in accordance with NFPA 1991, will protect the wearer against a “transient episode of flash fire”.
Level A
Best level of protection is the one that is the most appropriate for _______ and _______.
The hazard.
The mission
Last piece of equipment taken off when doffing level A and B?
Last piece for C?
Inner gloves.
Helmet.
Worn when the type and atmospheric concentration of identified substances require a high level of respiratory protection BUT less skin protection.
Level B
_______ is minimum level of protection to be worn when operating in an unknown environment.
Level B
The workhorse of hazardous material response
Level B
Level B ensemble provides little or no flash fire protection, thus it should be viewed in the same manner as ________ equipment when it comes to THERMAL protection.
Level A
_______ is minimum level of protection to be worn when operating in an unknown environment.
Level B
____________ is appropriate when significant skin and eye exposure is unlikely.
Level C
Level C is appropriate when the type of __________ is known, __________ is measured, and _______________ are met.
Airborne contamination.
Concentration.
Criteria for using an APR.
Many law enforcement agencies have provided their officers with _________ ensembles to be carried in the trunk of their patrol car.
Level C
Primary role of medical monitoring station is to evaluate the medical status of: (3)
Entry.
Backup.
Decon.
Cooling technologies not limited to: (4)
Air, ice and water cooled vests.
Phase-change cooling technologies
Typical chemical-protective equipment performance requirements include tests for: (4)
Durability.
Barrier integrity after flex and abrasion challenges.
Cold-temperature flex.
Flammability
User of any garment that meets NFPA standard can rest assured that the garment will withstand:
Reasonable insults from MOST mechanical-type hazards
Working in PPE is a hazardous proposition on two different levels:
Simply by wearing PPE, responder acknowledges some degree of danger exists.
Wearing PPE puts an inherent stress on the responder, separate from stress from environment
Primary role of medical monitoring station is to evaluate the medical status of: (3)
Entry.
Backup.
Decon.
Cooling technologies not limited to: (4)
Air, ice and water cooled vests.
Phase-change cooling technologies
First level of cooling the BODY would NATURALLY employ.
Heat is drawn away - by convection.
Systems lightweight and provide LONG-TERM cooling benefits.
Mobility is limited
Forced-air cooling
COMMONLY USED due to low COST, UMLIMITED portability and unlimited “recharging”.
Vest-like in design, worn around torso.
Vest absorbs heat.
BULKIER and heavier.
May cause discomfort.
May actually fool the body into thinking it’s cold
Ice-cooled or gel-packed vests
Pumping ice-chilled liquids from a RESREVOIR, through a series of TUBES within a vest-like garment.
Mobility may be limited.
Some systems incorporate BATTERY-operated unit.
Add’l weight may increase workload
Fluid-chilled systems
Similar fashion to ice- or gel-packed vests
Main difference is that temperature of material is chilled to approx. 60F
Fabric of vest is designed to wick perspiration away
Packs typically recharge more quickly than others
Phase-change cooling
Approximately _____ of all body heat is generated by the organs and muscles located in your torso.
90%
______ is a common problem when wearing chemical-protective equipment, especially encapsulated suits.
Claustrophobia
TRACEMP-Psychogenic
