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Hazmate! > Ch. 3 Recognizing/Identifying the Hazards > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Recognizing/Identifying the Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

Key differences between hazmat/WMD and other emergencies: (3)

A

Hazmat/WMD moves more slowly.
Actions dictated by chemicals/hazards involved.
Personnel conscious of law enforcement aspect.

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2
Q

At any hazardous material incident, your first ACTION should always be to:

A

Approach the scene from a safe location and direction. The traditional rules of staying uphill and upwind are a good place to start.

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3
Q

Fixed facilities that use/store significant amount of chemicals with have EH and S dept.

A

EH and S Environmental Health and Safety.
Industrial hygienists.
Chemists/chemical engineers.
Certified safety professionals

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4
Q

Another way to detect presence of hazmat is ______, although must be employed carefully to avoid ________. Senses typically safe are _______.

A

Use your senses.
Becoming contaminated/exposed.
Sight and Sound.

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5
Q

These should guide your initial and ongoing actions (3)

A

SOPs.
Level of training.
Information gathering efforts at the scene.

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6
Q

Clues seen or heard

A

Vapor cloud - move away.

Alarm from gas sensor - retreat

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7
Q

Vessel or receptacle that holds material

A

Container

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8
Q

Bomb, grenade or rocket propellant amount:

Missile charge:

A

More than 4 oz.

More than 1/4 oz. (7 grams)

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9
Q

Often bulk storage containers are surrounded by _______ to help control an accidental release.

A

Supplementary containment system

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10
Q

An engineered method to control spilled or released product if the main containment vessel fails

A

Secondary containment

can normally hold entire volume plus percentage of water flowed or certain amount of rain fall

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11
Q

Aboveground Storage Tanks (AST) and Underground Storage Tanks (UST) can hold _______ to _______ of product and usually made of aluminum, steel or plastic. Can be ______ or ______.

A

A few hundred gallons.
Several million gallons.
Pressurized or nonpressurized

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12
Q

Pressurized horizontal tanks have _____ ends and _____ or _____. Most common above ground pressurized tanks are _____ and _____.

A

Round.
Large vents or pressure-relief stacks.

Liquid propane.
Liquid ammonia

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13
Q

Pressurized Horizontal Tanks.
These tanks usually have a small vapor space - ___________- above the liquid.
In most cases is ________ of the total container capacity is vapor.

A

Headspace.

10-15%

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14
Q

BOTH shipping and storage vessels
5000-6000 gallons
Pressurized or nonpressurized
Can be shipped by ALL METHODS of transport: air, sea or land

A

Intermodal

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15
Q

Often container will provide important clues about the nature of the substance inside:
Responders should _____ rely solely on type of container

A

Type.
Size.
Material of construction.

Not

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16
Q

Intermediate bulk containers:

A

Volume falls in between drums or bags and what is in cargo tanks.
Greater than 119 gallons but less than 793.
Super sacks or totes
-super sacks=500 lbs to several thousand.
-totes=4 ft square and 6 ft tall, 119-793 gal.

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17
Q

Bulk storage containers requirements

A

Liquids GREATER THAN 119 gallons.
Bulk packaging with net mass GREATER THAN 882 pounds.
Compressed gas - water capacity of 1,001 pounds OR LESS

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18
Q

Non-bulk storage vessels:
Intermediate bulk containers:
Bulk storage containers:

A

NON-few ounces to 119 gallons: drums, bags, compressed gas cylinders, cryo.
INTER-volumes between drums/bags and cargo tanks, greater than 119 but less than 793 gal: super sacks (500-several thousand lbs) and totes (119-793 gal).
BULK-cargo tanks/rail cars: liquids greater than 119 gal, bulk packaging w/net mass greater than 882 lbs, compressed gas-water capacity 1,001 lbs or less

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19
Q

Signal words on bags to indicate relative toxicity: (4)

A

Danger-Poison - highly toxic by all routes.
Danger - severe eye damage or skin irritation.
Warning - moderately toxic.
Caution - minor toxicity and minor eye damage or skin irritation

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20
Q

Every pesticide label must carry the statement ___________.

A

Keep out of reach of children

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21
Q

Drums can be made of (5).
Closed head drums with one or more small openings:
Open head removable lid with:

A

Low-carbon steel, polyethylene, cardboard, stainless steel, nickel.

Bung-2 in. and 3/4 in. holes

Ring tightened with clasp/threaded bolt assembly

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22
Q

Carboy is a ____, ___, or ____ container that holds ___________ of product

A

Glass, plastic or steel, 5-15 gallons

glass placed in wood, foam, fiberglass, or steel box

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23
Q

Uninsulated cylinders chemicals

A 
OHAN
Oxygen
Helium
Argon
Nitrogen
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24
Q

Cryogens in cylinders

A 
HOHAN
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Helium
Argon
Nitrogen
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24
Q

Will hold 2,000 lbs of product, 8 feet in length, and 3 feet in diameter

A

Ton container

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26
Q

Off all the various methods of transport of hazmat, the ________ is the one that is most rarely involved in emergencies.

A

High volume pipeline

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27
Q

A pipeline is a length of pipe-including ….-for conveying fluids or gases over potentially long distances.

A 
Pumps.
Valves.
Flanges.
Control devices.
Strainers
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28
Q

These incidents, like rail incidents, could have far-reaching implications and present responders with a challenging set of circumstances.

A

Pipeline

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29
Q

Area, patch of land, or roadway that extends a certain number of feet on either side of the pipe itself. The company that owns the pipeline maintains this area.

A

Pipeline right of way

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30
Q

The company is also responsible for placing warning signs ____________ along the length of the pipeline.

A

At regular intervals

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31
Q

Pipeline warning signs include:

A

Warning SYMBOL.
Pipeline owners name.
Emergency contact phone number

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32
Q

Information about pipeline’s contents and owner is also found at the _______. These inverted J-shaped tubes provide pressure relief OR natural venting during maintenance and repairs. Vent pipes are _____ and are located approximately _____ above the ground.

A

Vent pipes.
Clearly marked.
3 feet

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33
Q

US DOT marking system is an identification system characterized by ____, _____ and ______. Used when materials are ___________________.

A

Labels.
Placards.
Markings.

Being transported from one location to another in the United States

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34
Q

Placards

A

10 3/4 in. diamond.

All four sides of highway transportation, railroad tank cars and other forms

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35
Q

Labels

A

4 in. diamond on all 4 sides of individual boxes and smaller packages

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36
Q

Most common mode of hazardous material transport is:

A

Over land by roadway transportation.

49CFR171.8(2)

37
Q

Any amount requires a label or placard (4)

A

Explosives.
Poison gases.
Water-reactive solids.
High-level radioactive

38
Q

A four-digit UN number ________ required on some placards.

A

May be

39
Q

NFPA 704 is for:

A

Fixed facility use:
Outside of bldgs.
Doorways to chemical storage areas.
Fixed storage tanks

40
Q

What size does NFPA 704 need to be:

A

Diamond-shaped symbol of ANY size

41
Q

Placard vs Label hazards

A 
PlacarD = broaD hazard.
LabeL = potentiaL hazard
42
Q

Diamonds in 704 are:

A

Red-flammability.
Blue-health.
Yellow-reactivity.
White-special symbols [burning O (oxidizer), 3-bladed trifoil (radioactive) and W with slash through it (water reactive)]

43
Q

Military markings.

Mass detonation and orange octagon

A

Division 1

OXTD MEAO

44
Q

Military markings.

Mass fire hazards and inverted orange triangle

A

Division 3

OXTD MEAO

45
Q

Military markings.

Moderate fire hazards and orange diamond

A

Division 4

OXTD MEAO

46
Q

Military markings.

Explosion with fragment hazards and orange X

A

Division 2

OXTD MEAO

47
Q

Chemical hazards and colors for military (3)

A

Toxic agents-Red.
Harassing agents-yellow.
White phosphorous-white.

48
Q

Class 4 Flammable solids (FSW)

A

Flammable.
Spontaneously combustible.
Water-reactive

49
Q

_____ means a leak from one small package, a small leak in a large container (up to ____ ), a small cylinder leak, or any small leak, even one in a larger package. p. 63

A

Small spill.

55-gallon drum

50
Q

Primary audience for the ERG?

A

Firefighters, police and other emergency services personnel

51
Q

Green section of ERG includes chemicals hi-lighted from yellow and blue sections but also:

A

Water-reactive materials that produce toxic gas.
Toxic Inhalation Hazards (TIH) (extremely toxic to humans).
Chemical warfare agents (CWA).
Dangerous water-reactive materials

52
Q

A large spill is:

A

Large leak or spill from a larger container or package.
Spill from a NUMBER of small packages.
Anything from a 1-ton cylinder, tank truck or railcar

54
Q

Any substance hi-lighted in blue or yellow of ERG is either:

A

Toxic inhalation hazard.
Chemical warfare agent.
Water reactive material

55
Q

Hazardous Materials Information System

A 
Similar to NFPA 704.
Uses numerical hazard rating with similarly colored horizontal columns.
(OSHA Hazard Communication Standard)
For employees.
Method for information/training.
56
Q

How many sources?

A

As many as possible

Preferably at least three

57
Q

Shipping papers.

Packaging Group designation is another system used by shippers to identify special handling requirements or hazards

A

Group I - HIGH danger.
Group II - MEDIUM danger.
Group III - MINOR danger.

58
Q

Shipping paper types (4)

A

Rail - waybills (list of contents for every car = consist/train list - conductor/engineer/designated member).
Marine - dangerous cargo manifest (tube-like container in wheelhouse - captain/master).
Air - airbill (pilot’s responsibility).
Road - bills of lading or freight bills - in the cab (transporting chemicals - on drivers person or within easy reach inside cab)

59
Q

_______, _______, and ______ will help you identify the various protective “actions and notifications” that must be made for the types of responses anticipated within the jurisdiction.

A

SOPs. (Defines points of contact)
Emergency response plan.
ERG.

60
Q

Chemtrec is operated by:

A

American Chemistry Council

61
Q

Whenever a significant hazardous materials incident occurs, ________ MUST be notified. _____ has the ultimate legal responsibility to contact NRC.

A

National Response Center (NRC)
central notification point

Shipper or owner of the chemical

62
Q

Potential targets for terrorist activities include both NATURAL landmarks and HUMAN-MADE structures. These sites can be divided into _____ broad categories: (CSI)

A

3.
Infrastructure targets.
Symbolic targets.
Civilian targets.

63
Q

Indicators of possible criminal/terrorist activity involving chemical agents

A 
NO SINGLE INDICATOR!
Overt
-Gloves.
-Chemical suits.
-Respirators.
-Marked/unmarked containers.
Chemical odor or residue.
Chemistry books or reference materials
64
Q

Chemical agents.

The main point is that you must always be on the lookout for:

A

Items that may appear out of context with the setting-pay attention to your surroundings at all times

65
Q

Indicators of incidents that may involve biological agents:

A

Chemicals.
Production equipment (Petri dishes, vented hoods, Bunsen burners, pipettes, microscopes, incubators).
Microbiology/biology books.
Metal cylindrical cans or red plastic boxes/bags.
PPE.
Excessive amount of antibiotics.
Abandoned spray devices/unscheduled or unusual sprays

66
Q

Biggest difference between chemical incident and biological incident is typically:

A

The speed of onset of the health effects

67
Q

Indicators of radiological agents:

A

Lead/stainless containers.
Explosive that may be used to disperse.
Radiation monitoring.
Radiological protective suits

68
Q

Major difference between illicit location where radiological substances are present and a legitimate operation may be:

A

The way the substances are packaged and stored

69
Q

Radiological.
Labeling is driven by amount of radiation that can be measured outside the package. Three varieties of LABELS found on radioactive packages are:

A

White I.
Yellow II.
Yellow III.

70
Q

Shippers of radiological materials are required to include a Transport Index (TI) number on the package label. Number indicates the highest amount of radiation that can be measured _____ away from the SURFACE of the package.

A

1 meter

71
Q

Radiological.

The key is to be able to _____, _____, and ______ when and where you may encounter radioactive sources.

A

Suspect.
Recognize.
Understand

72
Q

Radiological.
If at a fixed facility, initially consult with ________. If not at a fixed site, the presence of radiation may __________.

A

Radiation safety officer.

Never be apparent

73
Q

Most incidents you encounter will encounter will involve ________ and can be handled ______.
The _________ are usually found in ________ containers.

A

Low-level radioactive sources.
Safely.

Low level sources.
Type A

74
Q

Most common type of containers and packages used to store radioactive materials are divided into 5 major categories:

A 
Excepted range radioactive packaging.
Industrial radioactive packaging.
Type A.
Type B.
Type C
75
Q

Transport materials - general design requirements.
Low level radioactive substances.
Made of heavy CARDBOARD.
Very low hazard (smoke detectors).
Excepted (excluded) from packaging, labeling, paper requirements.
Required to have four digit UN number

A

Excepted packaging

76
Q

Transporting high-activity radioactive substances by AIR.
Dangerous radioactive sources.
Not certified for use in the United States

A

Type C packaging

77
Q

Protect internal contents during NORMAL transportation in event of MINOR accident.
Withstand MODERATE degrees of cold, vibration, impact…
Nuclear medicines, radioactive waste, radioactive sources-industrial.
Not significant release, quantity is so limited

A

Type A packaging

78
Q

Far more durable than Type A.
Designed to prevent release in EXTREME accidents.
Small drums and casks weighing more than 100 metric tons.
Tests-fall onto spikes, heavy fire, submersion.
Worst-case accident scenarios.
Spent nuclear fuel, high-level radioactive waste, high concentrations-cesium or cobalt

A

Type B packaging

79
Q

Low ACTIVITY material, usually radioactive WASTE.
These packages allow NO identifiable release.
Three categories packaging and category will be marked on exterior of package (IP-1, IP-2, IP-3).

A

Industrial packaging

80
Q

ILLICIT:

Terrorist paraphernalia may include:

A

Terrorist training manuals.
Ideological propaganda.
Documents indicating affiliation w/known terrorist groups.

81
Q

LOCATIONS illicit clan labs:

A

Basements with unusual/multiple vents.
Bldgs w/heavy security.
Bldgs w/obscured Windows.
Bldgs w/odd or unusual odors

82
Q

PERSONNEL illegal laboratory settings may exhibit

A

Certain degree of unusual/suspicious behavior
-nervous/high level anxiety.
May be very protective of laboratory and not want to allow access.
May rush people out.

83
Q

EQUIPMENT illicit laboratory areas

A 
Surveillance materials (videotapes, photos, maps, blueprints or time logs of the target hazard).
Non-weapon supplies (identification badges, uniforms, decals).
Weapon-related supplies (timers, switches, fuses, containers, projectiles, gunpowder or fuel).
Security weapons (guns, knives, booby trap systems)
84
Q

_____ laboratories are by far the most common type of clandestine laboratory encountered by responders.

A

Drug

85
Q

Very primitive.
Materials to manufacture often consist of everyday items (jars, bottles, glass cookware, coolers and tubing) that have been modified to produce…

A

Drug labs

86
Q

The strong smell of _____ or unusual chemical smell such as ____, _____, or ______ are very common indicators of clandestine drug manufacturing.

A

Urine.

Ether, ammonia or acetone

87
Q

Indicators of possible criminal or terrorist activity involving explosives typically include materials that fit into four categories:

A

Protective equipment.
Production and containment materials.
Explosive materials.
Support materials.

87
Q

Secondary device vs secondary attack

A

Device - to harm those responders summoned to the scene.

Attack - as responders begin to treat victims

87
Q

EVADE for secondary devices

A

Evaluate the scene for likely areas.
Visually scan operating areas before providing care.
Avoid touching/moving anything that can CONCEAL.
Designate control zones.
Evacuate victims, other responders and nonessential personnel

Hazmate! (11 decks)

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