Ch. 12 Product Control Flashcards
____ is the process of attempting to keep the hazardous material within the immediate area of release.
Examples: diking/damming/suppressing
Confinement
_________ by contrast, refers to actions that stop the hazardous material from leaking or escaping its container.
Examples: patching/plugging a breached container or righting an OVERTURNED container
Containment
Regarding product control, in most cases, the best course of action is to…
CONFINE the problem to the smallest area possible
The most challenging aspect of mitigating a hazardous material emergency is arriving at a solution that can be employed ____ and _____, while minimizing the potential negative effects on ____, ____, and ______.
Quickly and safely.
People, property, and environment
Sometimes the situation is so extreme or proposed action is so risky, that it may be prudent to _______.
Create a safe perimeter and let the problem stabilize on its own.
Operations level responders should operate under the guidance of :
Hazardous material technician,
An allied professional, OR
Standard operating procedures.
Areas in the terrain or places in a structure where materials might be contained or confined
Natural control points
________ is the process whereby a spongy material (soil or loose absorbent a such as vermiculite, clay or peat moss) or specially designed spill pads are used to soak up a liquid hazardous material.
Absorption
effective only on FLAT surfaces
The technique of absorption may prove challenging for personnel because:
It requires them to be in close proximity to the spilled material.
Also involves the addition of material, which ADDS VOLUME to the spill
Spill boom incompatibilities: (2)
HydroFlouric acid - not compatible with silica-based absorbent in booms. Nitric acid (higher than 72%) and organic absorbent - acid ignites absorbent material.
In adsorption, the contaminant ______ to the surface of an added material - such as silica or activated carbon - rather than combining with it (absorption).
Adheres.
Can generate heat.
Analogous to Velcro.
_____ containment technique used when liquid is flowing in a natural channel or depression and its progress can be stopped by blocking the channel.
Damming
3 types of damming
Complete.
Over.
Under.
Dam:
Used only in areas where the stream or ditch is basically dry and the amount of material that need to be controlled is relatively small.
Complete
Dam
-used to contain materials heavier than water. PVC pipe installed at a slight angle to allow water to flow over the released liquid.
Overflow (OVER 1 of specific gravity)
Two to three lengths of 3-4 in. plastic pipe HORIZONTALLY on top of dam
Overflow dam
Two to three lengths of 3-4 in. pipe at a 20 to 30 degree angle on top of the dam.
Underflow dam
Dam
Contain materials lighter than water. Piping installed near the bottom of the damn so the water flows “under” the dam
Underflow (UNDER 1.0 specific gravity)
Addition of water or another substance to weaken the strength or concentration of a hazardous material (typically a corrosive).
Used only when the identity and properties of the hazardous material are known with certainty.
Dilution (=addition)
extreme caution AND on advice of those knowledgable
_____ placement of selected material such as sand, dirt, loose absorbent or concrete so as to form a BARRIER that will keep hazardous material (in liquid form) from entering an unwanted area or to hold the material in a specific location.
-6-8 in. depression and plastic lined
Diking.
Dike “barrier” to hot chick
Techniques in general intended to REDIRECT the flow of a liquid away from an endangered are to an area where it will have LESS IMPACT.
Not as permanent as a dike
Diversion
Process of lowering the concentration of vapors by SPREADING them out.
Vapor Dispersion (fans or fog)
Process of creating a defined area to hold hazardous materials. May involve digging a depression in the ground and allowing material to pool in the depression.
- DEEP DEPRESSION
- Some sort of diversion technique may be required
Retention
Remote valve shutoff
- 306/406
- 331
306-front of tank on drivers side AND rear of tank on passenger side (fusible link = 250F, internal product valve).
331-remote shutoff valves located on both ends of tank AND internal shut-off valves
Process of CONTROLLING fumes or vapors that are given off by certain materials, particularly flammable liquids, in an attempt to prevent their ignition.
OR
Reducing temperature
Vapor Suppression (foam) *class A NOT most appropriate, class B for hazmat/WMD*
Foam types (5)
AFFF - 1, 3 or 6%. Form a blanket, suppress vapors.
Alcohol-resistant - formulated so alcohol/polar solvents won’t dissolve foam.
Flouroprotein - protein with synthetic flourinated surfactants. RAPIDLY spread over the fuel. Resistant to polar solvents.
Protein - hydrolyzed proteins (animal by products). Stable/quite durable involving nonpolar substances.
High-Ex - hazardous waste facilities. 1 gallon concentrate->1,000 gallons finished foam. “Dry foam”. Smothers fire.
Foam application methods (3)
Roll IN.
Rain down (less effective - intense thermal column).
Bounce OFF
Occurs when imminent danger to people, property and the environment has passed OR is controlled, AND clean-up begins.
Recovery phase
Decision to change from emergency phase to recovery phase is typically made by __________.
Incident commander
