Ch. 8: How Cells Make ATP: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Question 1

__ has 2 complementary components

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

__ uses energy to go from big to small (broken down into smaller parts)
- cellular respiration

Answer 2

catabolic

Question 3

__ uses energy to go from small to big
- photosynthesis

Answer 3

anabolic

Question 4

__ pathways release free energy captured by the cell
- is catabolic

Answer 4

exergonic

Question 5

__ is a catabolic process that requires energy/oxygen and coverts energy in chemical bonds of nutrients to chemical energy stored in ATP

Answer 5

aerobic cellular respiration

Question 6

__ is just glycolysis (breaking down of sugar)

Answer 6

fermentation

Question 7

__ is the loss of e-

Answer 7

oxidation

Question 8

__ gaining of e-
- nad+ –> nadh
- nad+ is a e- transporter = nadh

Answer 8

reduction

Question 9

in a __ glucose becomes oxidized and oxygen becomes reduced

Answer 9

redox reaction

Question 10

1 glycolysis
2 formation of acetyl coenzyme a
3 citric acid cycle; kreb cycle
4 electron transport chain/chemiosmosis

Answer 10

4 stages of aerobic respiration

Question 11

__ is the energy-converting site for cellular respiration
- where everything takes place
- has 2 membranes (inner/outer)

Answer 11

mitochondria

Question 12

__ the removal of e-

Answer 12

dehydrogenation

Question 13

__ removal of part of a carboxyl (co2) group

Answer 13

decarboxylation

Question 14

__ transfer/adding of a phosphate group
- ATP –> ADP + P1`
- 2 types: substrate/oxidative

Answer 14

phosphorylation

Question 15

_- metabolizes the 6-carb sugar into two 3-carb molecules
- no oxygen
- net yield = 2 atp and 2nadh molecules
- two major phases
- endergonic = needs atp
- exergonic = yields atp and nadh

Answer 15

glycolysis

Question 16

__ occurs everywhere accept acetyl coa and chemiosmosis

Answer 16

substrate level phosphorylation

Question 17

__ occurs inly in chemiosmosis

Answer 17

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 18

1 phosphrylate glucose by adding 2 atp
2 change glucose –> fructose 1, 6 biphospbate
3 split fructose 1, 6 diphosphate into 2g3p
(3 carbons and 1 phosphate each)

Answer 18

1st phase of glycolysis (energy investment)

Question 19

1 g3p becomes oxidized to reduce nao+ –> nadh
2 g3p is dephosphorylated to sub level phosphorylation (adp –> atp)
3 end w/ 3 carb molecule: pyruvate

Answer 19

2nd phase of glycolysis (energy capture)

Question 20

Gross: 1 nadh/4 atp
net: 2 nadh/2 atp/2 pyruvate s

Answer 20

products of glycolysis

Question 21

__ occurs in the cytoplasm

Answer 21

glycolysis

Question 22

__ is decarboxylated

Answer 22

pyruvate

Question 23

1 pyruvate is decarboxylated
2 pyruvate is oxidized to reduce nad+ to nadh
3 pyruvate is changed from free energy to acetyl and joined w/ coenzyme a

Answer 23

formation of acetyl coa

Question 24

2 nadh/2 acetyls/ 2 co2
- happens in the lumen (most inner part) of the mitochondria

Answer 24

products of acetyl coa formation