Ch. 3 Macromolecules: Proteins/Nucleic Acids

Question 1

What are components of cell membranes?

Answer 1

Phospholipids

Question 2

What kind of molecule had one hydrophobic region and one hydrophilic region?

Answer 2

Amphipathic molecule

Question 3

Hydrophilic (P+O+N)

Answer 3

Polar

Question 4

Has hydrocarbons and are hydrophobic

Answer 4

Non polar

Question 5

Orange plant pigments

Answer 5

Carotenoids

Question 6

Type of lipid

- cholesterol, cortisol, hormones

Answer 6

Steroids

Question 7

Monomer of ____ are amino acids

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

A protein that catalyzes (speeds up) specific chemical reactions

Answer 8

Enzymes

Question 9

How many types of different amino acids are there?

Answer 9

20

Question 10

What joins two monomers together?

Answer 10

Condensation reaction

Question 11

What type of condensation reaction joins proteins together?

Answer 11

Peptide bond

Question 12

what are the 3 types of bonds?

Answer 12

peptide=proteins; glycosidic=monos/carbs; ester links=glycerol/fatty acids

Question 13

a protein’s function is determined by its ____ and can be arranged in many ways

Answer 13

conformation(structure)

Question 14

primary structure looks like a what?

Answer 14

line

Question 15

secondary structure looks like a what?

Answer 15

beta pleated sheet

Question 16

tertiary structure depends on interactions among ___ looks like a what ___?

Answer 16

side chains; overall 3d shape of an individual polypeptide (hydrogen bond=H20)

Question 17

quaternary structure results from interactions among ___ and is __ __ proteins joined together

Answer 17

polypeptides; two tertiary

Question 18

what did hassan research in college (carries oxygen throughout the body)

Answer 18

hemoglobins

Question 19

the __ __ __ of a protein determines its confirmation

Answer 19

amino acid sequence

Question 20

to remove something from its natural state/normal function

• occurs when a ___ is heated
• structure becomes disordered/ ___ chains unfold

Answer 20

denaturation of a protein; protein; peptide

Question 21

___ transmit hereditary info/determine what proteins a cell manufactures

Answer 21

nucleic acids

Question 22

to remove oxygen from ribose

Answer 22

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 23

ribose nucleic acid

Answer 23

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 24

has a thymine base; double-stranded (2 nucleotide chains held together by H-bonds); and has no oxygen (just 1 O +H2)

Answer 24

DNA

Question 25

has a uracil base, has oxygen (OH) (2o+2H); singel stranded

Answer 25

RNA

Question 26

___ are made up of 3 parts

• __ carbon sugar (deoxy or ribose)
• one or more ___ groups (make the molecule ___)
• a ___ base

Answer 26

POLYMERS; 5; phosphate; acidic; nitrogenous

Question 27

most nucleic acids are ___ of nucleotides

Answer 27

macromolecular polymers

Question 28

nucleotides are linked by a ___ bond

Answer 28

phosphodiester

Question 29

___ is the primary energy molecule of all cells

- composed of adenine, ribose, + all 3 phosphates

Answer 29

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 30

__ supports the transfer of energy by transferring a phosphate group

Answer 30

Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)

Question 31

___ is the primary in oxidation and reduction reactions in cells

Answer 31

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ or NADH)

Question 32

__ are the 4 types of macromolecules

Answer 32

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 33

carbs have a __- ratio

Answer 33

1:2:1

Question 34

___ are hydrocarbons and are therefore hydrophobic/non polar

Answer 34

lipids

Question 35

___ have an amine (H on top another H connected to an N); alpha carb (C) which is connected to the side of a carboxylic acid (O on top of C); which is connected to an (OH). The alpha carb (C) is also directly on top of a random side chain (R)

• this whole structure/formation is an ___

Answer 35

proteins; amino acid