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Bio II > Ch. 44: Internal Transport (Circulatory System) > Flashcards

Ch. 44: Internal Transport (Circulatory System) Flashcards

1
Q

__ transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients hormones, and other materials

A

 Circulatory systems

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2
Q

__ is a type of lipid that moves through bloodstream

A

 hormone

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3
Q

How many types of circulatory systems in animals?

A

Three; no circulatory system, open circulatory system, closed circulatory system

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4
Q

In a __, circulatory system, nutrients and waste, or able to diffuse into a small size

A

No circulatory system sponge, platyhelminth: flatworm cnidarian: hydra 

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5
Q

Large animals need an effective __ system

A

Circulatory system

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6
Q

_ is found in arthropods and most mollusk, blood mixes with everything, circulation loop, not complete or closed, the hemolymph (blood and interstitial fluid) is pumped through vessels

A

Open circulatory system

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7
Q

__ body cells have no direct contact with blood, the walls of the capillaries (smallest blood vessels) are thin enough to permit diffusion of gases, nutrients between blood in the vessels in the interstitial fluid that veins, the cells

A

Close circulatory system

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8
Q

— one cell thick very thin

A

Capillary

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9
Q

__ covers are body

A

Interstitial fluid

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10
Q

The___transports nutrients from digestive system, or storage to cells/transports oxygen from respiratory structures to cells/transports metabolic waste from cells to exitory organs/transports hormones from endocrine glands to target tissues/helps maintain fluid balance/helps distribute metabolic heat and maintain body temp/helps, maintain appropriate pH level/defense the body against invading microorganisms

A

The vertebrae circulatory system

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11
Q

Why did the vertebrae cardiovascular system evolve?

A

Large animals need more efficient system/the site of gas exchange shifted from gills to lungs/some vertebrates became active endothermic, animals with higher metabolic activity

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12
Q

Cold blood equals

A

No regulation

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13
Q

Warmblood equals

A

Regulation (cold = shiver) (hot = switch

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14
Q

Vertebrae equals

A

Backbone

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15
Q

_ have atrium/ventricles that mix

A

Fish

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16
Q

_ the first part you enter when you get to the heart

A

Atrium

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17
Q

_ what are the steps for entering the heart?

A

Firstly, Veins/secondly, the heart/thirdly, the ventrium/fourthly the arteries

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18
Q

_ are small and bring oxygenated (red) blood back to the

A

Pulmonary vein (toward)

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19
Q

__ take deoxygenated (blue) blood to the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery (away)

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20
Q

___ gives blood its red color

A

Iron

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21
Q

__ have less mixing of the blood

A

Amphibians

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22
Q

__ is the biggest artery and goes from the heart to the body

A

Aorta

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23
Q

__ separates the atrium/ventricle’s also known as oxygen/deoxygenated

A

 Septum

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24
Q

__ is the biggest vein

A

Vena cava

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25
__ have absolutely no mixing of the blood - Also have two atriums and two ventricles
Humans
26
adults have _ liters of blood which is 2 1/2 L of sprite bottles
Five
27
__ fluid in which blood cells are suspended in 55% of blood volume
Plasma
28
__ separation by density blood has a higher density
centrifugation
29
__ fragment of blood (clotting factor of blood) very light
Platelet
30
__ erythrocytes or_blood cells are called RBCs and are heavy - created in bone marrow - ____ is a protein that carries oxygen
Red blood cells/hemoglobin
31
___ give live birth, have hair and produce milk
Mammals
32
__ leukocytes or_blood cells are called WBCs and defend the body against harmful bacteria
White blood cells
33
___ is Made/found in bone marrow
Blood
34
__ types of blood vessels
Three: Arteries, veins, and capillaries
35
__ carries blood away from heart. The smaller branches are called arterioles and lead to the capillaries
Arteries
36
__ carry blood back towards the heart. The smaller branches are called venules
Veins
37
__ oh microscopic vessels that form that works which exchanged materials between blood and tissues (nutrients, oxygen, CO2, etc.) - 1 cell thick
Capillaries
38
__ direction of blood flow
Heart to arteries to arteriole to capillaries to venules to vein to heart
39
__ the walls of_have the same layers
Arteries and veins
40
How many walls of arteries and veins are there?
Inner lining Tunica Interna (endothelial muscle cells)/middle layer, tunica media(smooth muscle cells)/outer layer tunica externa (connective tissues)
41
__ are thick, smooth muscle, and high pressure
Arteries
42
__ then smooth muscle, valves, lower pressure (away from heart)
Veins
43
__ endothelium only one c sell at a time
Capillaries
44
__ smooth muscle in_walls control blood pressure in the distribution of blood to tissues, and are regulated by the nervous and endocrine system
Arteriole
45
_ contraction of smooth muscle cells reduce blood flow in increase pressure
vasoconstriction
46
__ relaxation of smooth muscle cells increase blood flow and decreases pressure
, vasodilation
47
__ is controlled by heart rate in vasoconstriction/Vaso dilation - __ nerve stimulator, heart rate in vasoconstriction raising blood pressure (to heart) _ nerves slow the heart induce, Vaso dilation, lowering blood pressure (away from heart)
Blood pressure regulation; sympathetic nerves; parasympathetic nerves
48
__ in a blink heart, the heart is hollow muscular organ, and also a connective tissue (pericardium) that encloses the heart
Vertebrate heart
49
__ and a blank heart, the vena cava is the largest vein, aorta is the largest artery, ___ are flash of tissue that prevent backwards blood flow
Mammalian heart; valves
50
___ prevent backflow of blood
valves
51
__ is between atria and ventricles
Atrioventricular valves
52
__ between right atrium and ventricle
Tricuspid valve
53
Between left atrium and ventricle
Metral/bicuspid
54
_ guard exits from heart
Semilunar valves
55
Between left ventricle and aorta
Aortic valve
56
Between right ventricle/pulmonary artery
Pulmonary valves
57
Take blood to and from lungs
Pulmonary circuit
58
Take blood to and from every where else in body (leg)
Systemic circuit
59
Connects heart/lungs: Connects heart with all body tissues:
Pulmonary circulation/systemic circulation
60
In systematic circulation, _ are oxygenated and _ are deoxygenated
Arteries/veins
61
In pulmonary circulation _ are deoxygenated and _ are oxygenated
Artieries/veins
62
The__ is open ended and lymph flows toward heart
Lymphatic system
63
1. Lymphatic vessels: 2. Lymphatic tissue;
Extensive network of lymphatic vessels that conduct lymph; connective tissue w/ large numbers of lymphocytes
64
Clear fluid from interstitial fluid
Lymph
65
Flow of lymph within lymphatic system
Interstitial fluid into a slim capillaries, where become slim live, then flows into the lymphatic vessels at certain locations lymph circulates through lymph nodes lymph is returned to blood circulatory system
66
Deficiency in hemoglobin EX; loss of blood decrease production of hemoglobin/RBC and increased rate of RBC destruction
Anemia
67
Mutation in hemoglobin causes RBC to sickle and tissues wear oxygen levels are low
Sickle cell anemia
68
Cancer were wbc’s multiply properly and bone marrow in crowd of developing RBCs and platelets, which leads to anemia and impaired clotting
Leukemia Treated with chemotherapy radiation therapy and bone marrow transplant
69
 Soft hissing noise when Valves don’t function, right
Heart murmur
70
Decrease blood flow due to narrowed coronary arteries or embolism that blocks oxygen to the heart
myocardial infarction/heart attack
71
Failure of the valves in veins causes swelling
 Varicose veins
72
The heart has built in what?
Pacemakers
73
What is EKG stand for?
Electrocardiogram

Bio II (10 decks)

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