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Bio II > Ch. 44: Internal Transport (Circulatory System) > Flashcards

Ch. 44: Internal Transport (Circulatory System) Flashcards

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1
Q

__ transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients hormones, and other materials

A

 Circulatory systems

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2
Q

__ is a type of lipid that moves through bloodstream

A

 hormone

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3
Q

How many types of circulatory systems in animals?

A

Three; no circulatory system, open circulatory system, closed circulatory system

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4
Q

In a __, circulatory system, nutrients and waste, or able to diffuse into a small size

A

No circulatory system sponge, platyhelminth: flatworm cnidarian: hydra 

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5
Q

Large animals need an effective __ system

A

Circulatory system

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6
Q

_ is found in arthropods and most mollusk, blood mixes with everything, circulation loop, not complete or closed, the hemolymph (blood and interstitial fluid) is pumped through vessels

A

Open circulatory system

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7
Q

__ body cells have no direct contact with blood, the walls of the capillaries (smallest blood vessels) are thin enough to permit diffusion of gases, nutrients between blood in the vessels in the interstitial fluid that veins, the cells

A

Close circulatory system

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8
Q

— one cell thick very thin

A

Capillary

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9
Q

__ covers are body

A

Interstitial fluid

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10
Q

The___transports nutrients from digestive system, or storage to cells/transports oxygen from respiratory structures to cells/transports metabolic waste from cells to exitory organs/transports hormones from endocrine glands to target tissues/helps maintain fluid balance/helps distribute metabolic heat and maintain body temp/helps, maintain appropriate pH level/defense the body against invading microorganisms

A

The vertebrae circulatory system

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11
Q

Why did the vertebrae cardiovascular system evolve?

A

Large animals need more efficient system/the site of gas exchange shifted from gills to lungs/some vertebrates became active endothermic, animals with higher metabolic activity

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12
Q

Cold blood equals

A

No regulation

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13
Q

Warmblood equals

A

Regulation (cold = shiver) (hot = switch

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14
Q

Vertebrae equals

A

Backbone

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15
Q

_ have atrium/ventricles that mix

A

Fish

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16
Q

_ the first part you enter when you get to the heart

A

Atrium

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17
Q

_ what are the steps for entering the heart?

A

Firstly, Veins/secondly, the heart/thirdly, the ventrium/fourthly the arteries

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18
Q

_ are small and bring oxygenated (red) blood back to the

A

Pulmonary vein (toward)

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19
Q

__ take deoxygenated (blue) blood to the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery (away)

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20
Q

___ gives blood its red color

A

Iron

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21
Q

__ have less mixing of the blood

A

Amphibians

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22
Q

__ is the biggest artery and goes from the heart to the body

A

Aorta

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23
Q

__ separates the atrium/ventricle’s also known as oxygen/deoxygenated

A

 Septum

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24
Q

__ is the biggest vein

A

Vena cava

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25
Q

__ have absolutely no mixing of the blood
- Also have two atriums and two ventricles

A

Humans

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26
Q

adults have _ liters of blood which is 2 1/2 L of sprite bottles

A

Five

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27
Q

__ fluid in which blood cells are suspended in 55% of blood volume

A

Plasma

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28
Q

__ separation by density blood has a higher density

A

centrifugation

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29
Q

__ fragment of blood (clotting factor of blood) very light

A

Platelet

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30
Q

__ erythrocytes or_blood cells are called RBCs and are heavy
- created in bone marrow
- ____ is a protein that carries oxygen

A

Red blood cells/hemoglobin

31
Q

___ give live birth, have hair and produce milk

A

Mammals

32
Q

__ leukocytes or_blood cells are called WBCs and defend the body against harmful bacteria

A

White blood cells

33
Q

___ is Made/found in bone marrow

A

Blood

34
Q

__ types of blood vessels

A

Three:
Arteries, veins, and capillaries

35
Q

__ carries blood away from heart. The smaller branches are called arterioles and lead to the capillaries

A

Arteries

36
Q

__ carry blood back towards the heart. The smaller branches are called venules

A

Veins

37
Q

__ oh microscopic vessels that form that works which exchanged materials between blood and tissues (nutrients, oxygen, CO2, etc.)
- 1 cell thick

A

Capillaries

38
Q

__ direction of blood flow

A

Heart to arteries to arteriole to capillaries to venules to vein to heart

39
Q

__ the walls of_have the same layers

A

Arteries and veins

40
Q

How many walls of arteries and veins are there?

A

Inner lining Tunica Interna (endothelial muscle cells)/middle layer, tunica media(smooth muscle cells)/outer layer tunica externa (connective tissues)

41
Q

__ are thick, smooth muscle, and high pressure

A

Arteries

42
Q

__ then smooth muscle, valves, lower pressure (away from heart)

A

Veins

43
Q

__ endothelium only one c sell at a time

A

Capillaries

44
Q

__ smooth muscle in_walls control blood pressure in the distribution of blood to tissues, and are regulated by the nervous and endocrine system

A

Arteriole

45
Q

_ contraction of smooth muscle cells reduce blood flow in increase pressure

A

vasoconstriction

46
Q

__ relaxation of smooth muscle cells increase blood flow and decreases pressure

A

, vasodilation

47
Q

__ is controlled by heart rate in vasoconstriction/Vaso dilation
- __ nerve stimulator, heart rate in vasoconstriction raising blood pressure (to heart)

_ nerves slow the heart induce, Vaso dilation, lowering blood pressure (away from heart)

A

Blood pressure regulation; sympathetic nerves; parasympathetic nerves

48
Q

__ in a blink heart, the heart is hollow muscular organ, and also a connective tissue (pericardium) that encloses the heart

A

Vertebrate heart

49
Q

__ and a blank heart, the vena cava is the largest vein, aorta is the largest artery, ___ are flash of tissue that prevent backwards blood flow

A

Mammalian heart; valves

50
Q

___ prevent backflow of blood

A

valves

51
Q

__ is between atria and ventricles

A

Atrioventricular valves

52
Q

__ between right atrium and ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

53
Q

Between left atrium and ventricle

A

Metral/bicuspid

54
Q

_ guard exits from heart

A

Semilunar valves

55
Q

Between left ventricle and aorta

A

Aortic valve

56
Q

Between right ventricle/pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary valves

57
Q

Take blood to and from lungs

A

Pulmonary circuit

58
Q

Take blood to and from every where else in body (leg)

A

Systemic circuit

59
Q

Connects heart/lungs:

Connects heart with all body tissues:

A

Pulmonary circulation/systemic circulation

60
Q

In systematic circulation, _ are oxygenated and _ are deoxygenated

A

Arteries/veins

61
Q

In pulmonary circulation _ are deoxygenated and _ are oxygenated

A

Artieries/veins

62
Q

The__ is open ended and lymph flows toward heart

A

Lymphatic system

63
Q
  1. Lymphatic vessels:
  2. Lymphatic tissue;
A

Extensive network of lymphatic vessels that conduct lymph; connective tissue w/ large numbers of lymphocytes

64
Q

Clear fluid from interstitial fluid

A

Lymph

65
Q

Flow of lymph within lymphatic system

A

Interstitial fluid into a slim capillaries, where become slim live, then flows into the lymphatic vessels at certain locations lymph circulates through lymph nodes lymph is returned to blood circulatory system

66
Q

Deficiency in hemoglobin EX; loss of blood decrease production of hemoglobin/RBC and increased rate of RBC destruction

A

Anemia

67
Q

Mutation in hemoglobin causes RBC to sickle and tissues wear oxygen levels are low

A

Sickle cell anemia

68
Q

Cancer were wbc’s multiply properly and bone marrow in crowd of developing RBCs and platelets, which leads to anemia and impaired clotting

A

Leukemia

Treated with chemotherapy radiation therapy and bone marrow transplant

69
Q

 Soft hissing noise when Valves don’t function, right

A

Heart murmur

70
Q

Decrease blood flow due to narrowed coronary arteries or embolism that blocks oxygen to the heart

A

myocardial infarction/heart attack

71
Q

Failure of the valves in veins causes swelling

A


Varicose veins

72
Q

The heart has built in what?

A

Pacemakers

73
Q

What is EKG stand for?

A

Electrocardiogram

Bio II (10 decks)

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