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Bio II > Ch. 4 Organization of the Cell > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Organization of the Cell Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

___ is the smallest unit that can carry out all activities associated with life

A

cell

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2
Q

__ are multicellular/ __ are unicellular

A

humans; bacteria/viruses

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3
Q

__ means “before” membrane-bound nucleus (ex: bacteria)
- the DNA isn’t enclosed in a nucleus

A

prokaryote

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4
Q

__ means “true” membrane-bound nucleus (ex: humans)
- DNA is held in the nucleus

A

eukaryote

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5
Q

__ is the basic units of organization and function in all organisms
- all cells come from other cells
- all living cells have a common origin provided by basic similarities in their structures + molecules of which they are made

A

cell theory

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6
Q

___ are able to maintain __
- the __ membrane acts as a selective barrier between cell contents + the environment to support homeostasis

A

cells; homeostasis; plasma

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7
Q

__ means keep the same state (like body temp)

A

homeostasis

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8
Q

cells must have a high ___ to __ ratio

A

surface area; volume

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9
Q

___ are used to study stained or living cells

A

light microscopes

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10
Q

__ is the ability to zoom in and make smaller things larger

A

magnification

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11
Q

___ is being able to see + separate two different things clearly
- low ___ = blurry photo

A

resolution

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12
Q

the electron microscope is used to study the __ of cells and produces a __ resolution image

A

ultrastructure; high

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13
Q

two types of electron microscopes:
- __ sees the inside of a cell
- __ sees the outside surface of a cell

A

TEM; SEM

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14
Q

__ spins very fast and separates the cells based off density (light things at the top and heavy things at the bottom)

A

centrifugation

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15
Q

bacteria and archaea are __ cells
- both have a __ (tail)

A

prokaryotic; flagellum

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16
Q

these are all: functions of the __
- membrane-enclosed compartments allow for diff cell activities to go on simultaneously
- chemical reactions in cells are carried out by __ that are bound to membranes
- membranes allow cells to store __
~ potential energy can be converted to __

A

cell membrane; enzymes; energy; ATP

17
Q

the __ is the control center of the cell
- DNA is found in the nucleus

A

nucleus

18
Q

the __ of each human cell has exactly __ chromosomes with __ pairs that each contain 2 meters of DNA each

A

nucleus; 46; 23

19
Q

__ are proteins; they manufacture(synthesize) proteins in the cytoplasm
- are also organelles that are found free in the cytoplasm/attached to certain __
- ribo = nuclear
- __ is a nuclear protein

A

ribosomes; membranes; RNA

20
Q

__ ER synthesizes lipids and breaks down toxins
- has no ribosomes

A

smooth

21
Q

__ ER synthesizes proteins (has ribosomes)

A

rough

22
Q

___ processes, sorts, and modifies proteins
cis face, medial region, trans face
(Hey __, let’s meet at the __ of New York so we can go to the __ station!)

A

golgi body

23
Q

__ are compartments for digestion
- digestive enzymes in the cytoplasm of animal cells

A

lysosomes

24
Q

__ are large fluid=filled sacs of digestion in plant cells
- stores things

A

vacuoles

25
Q

__ has a double membrane and converts energy (atp)

A

mitochondria

26
Q

__ is a mutually benefitted relationship

A

symbiosis (sym,sim = same)

27
Q

__ is regulated cell death in the mitochondria

A

apoptosis

28
Q

__ convert light energy to chemical energy via photosynthesis

A

chloroplast

29
Q

__ is a green pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesis
- found in the chloroplast
- also contains light-absorbing yellow and orange pigments (carotenoids)

A

chlorophyll

30
Q

__ is the skeleton of the cell

A

cytoskeleton

31
Q

__ is the movement of the cell (POTENTIAL BONUS)
__ is the separation of the cell (POTENTIAL BONUS)

A

cytokinesis; mitosis

32
Q

__ and __ function in cell division (???)

A

centrosomes; centrioles

Bio II (10 decks)

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