Ch. 4 Organization of the Cell Flashcards
___ is the smallest unit that can carry out all activities associated with life
cell
__ are multicellular/ __ are unicellular
humans; bacteria/viruses
__ means “before” membrane-bound nucleus (ex: bacteria)
- the DNA isn’t enclosed in a nucleus
prokaryote
__ means “true” membrane-bound nucleus (ex: humans)
- DNA is held in the nucleus
eukaryote
__ is the basic units of organization and function in all organisms
- all cells come from other cells
- all living cells have a common origin provided by basic similarities in their structures + molecules of which they are made
cell theory
___ are able to maintain __
- the __ membrane acts as a selective barrier between cell contents + the environment to support homeostasis
cells; homeostasis; plasma
__ means keep the same state (like body temp)
homeostasis
cells must have a high ___ to __ ratio
surface area; volume
___ are used to study stained or living cells
light microscopes
__ is the ability to zoom in and make smaller things larger
magnification
___ is being able to see + separate two different things clearly
- low ___ = blurry photo
resolution
the electron microscope is used to study the __ of cells and produces a __ resolution image
ultrastructure; high
two types of electron microscopes:
- __ sees the inside of a cell
- __ sees the outside surface of a cell
TEM; SEM
__ spins very fast and separates the cells based off density (light things at the top and heavy things at the bottom)
centrifugation
bacteria and archaea are __ cells
- both have a __ (tail)
prokaryotic; flagellum
these are all: functions of the __
- membrane-enclosed compartments allow for diff cell activities to go on simultaneously
- chemical reactions in cells are carried out by __ that are bound to membranes
- membranes allow cells to store __
~ potential energy can be converted to __
cell membrane; enzymes; energy; ATP
the __ is the control center of the cell
- DNA is found in the nucleus
nucleus
the __ of each human cell has exactly __ chromosomes with __ pairs that each contain 2 meters of DNA each
nucleus; 46; 23
__ are proteins; they manufacture(synthesize) proteins in the cytoplasm
- are also organelles that are found free in the cytoplasm/attached to certain __
- ribo = nuclear
- __ is a nuclear protein
ribosomes; membranes; RNA
__ ER synthesizes lipids and breaks down toxins
- has no ribosomes
smooth
__ ER synthesizes proteins (has ribosomes)
rough
___ processes, sorts, and modifies proteins
cis face, medial region, trans face
(Hey __, let’s meet at the __ of New York so we can go to the __ station!)
golgi body
__ are compartments for digestion
- digestive enzymes in the cytoplasm of animal cells
lysosomes
__ are large fluid=filled sacs of digestion in plant cells
- stores things
vacuoles
__ has a double membrane and converts energy (atp)
mitochondria
__ is a mutually benefitted relationship
symbiosis (sym,sim = same)
__ is regulated cell death in the mitochondria
apoptosis
__ convert light energy to chemical energy via photosynthesis
chloroplast
__ is a green pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesis
- found in the chloroplast
- also contains light-absorbing yellow and orange pigments (carotenoids)
chlorophyll
__ is the skeleton of the cell
cytoskeleton
__ is the movement of the cell (POTENTIAL BONUS)
__ is the separation of the cell (POTENTIAL BONUS)
cytokinesis; mitosis
__ and __ function in cell division (???)
centrosomes; centrioles
