Ch. 8 Female Reproductive Diseases

Question 1

galactorrhea

Answer 1

abnormal, persistent discharge of milk, commonly seen within pituitary gland tumors

Question 2

carcinoma of the cervix

Answer 2

malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer).. Infection with HPV

Question 3

dysplasia

Answer 3

abnormal cell growth

Question 4

carcinoma in situ (CIS)

Answer 4

localized form of cancer

Question 5

cervicitis

Answer 5

inflammation of the cervix

Question 6

leukorrhea

Answer 6

clear, white or yellow pus-filled vaginal discharge

Question 7

carcinoma of the endometrium (endometrial cancer)

Answer 7

malignant tumor of the uterine lining (adenocarcinoma)

Question 8

endometriosis

Answer 8

endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

Question 9

endometriomas or “Chocolate cysts”

Answer 9

large blood-filled cysts occuring when endometriosis affects the ovaries

Question 10

fibroids… also called leiomyomata or leiomyomas

Answer 10

benign tumors in the uterus … (lei/o = smooth, my/o = muscle, -oma = tumor)

Question 11

ovarian carcinoma (cancer)

Answer 11

malignant tumor of the ovary (adenocarcinoma)

Question 12

What are the two types of ovarian carcinoma?

Answer 12

1) serous (clear fluid) and 2) mucinous (thick, pasty fluid) cystic adenocarcinomas

Question 13

ascites

Answer 13

accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

Question 14

ovarian cysts

Answer 14

collections of fluid within a sacs (cysts) in the ovary

Question 15

cystadenocarcinomas

Answer 15

cysts that are malignant and lines with atypical tumor cells

Question 16

teratoma

Answer 16

(terat/o = monster) … dermoid cyst of the ovary…because of the strange assortment of tissue types in the tumor (PAGE 277) the tumor is called a benign cystic teratoma or mature teratoma

Question 17

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Answer 17

inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, endocervicitis ……. Leading cause of PID is… STDS!!!

Question 18

carcinoma of the breast (breast cancer)

Answer 18

malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts)

Question 19

What is the most common type of breast cancer?

Answer 19

invasive ductal carcinoma… other histopathologic (hist/o = tissue) types are lobular and medullary carcinoma

Question 20

fibrocystic breast disease

Answer 20

numerous small sacs of fluid surrounded by dense strands of fibrous tissue in the breast

Question 21

abruptio placentae

Answer 21

premature separation of the normally implanted placenta

Question 22

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 22

implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location

Question 23

multiple gestations

Answer 23

more than one fetus inside the uterus (TWINS!)

Question 24

placenta previa

Answer 24

implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus

Question 25

What does previa mean?

Answer 25

before or in the front of

Question 26

What are the three forms of abnormal implantation of the placenta?

Answer 26

1) placenta accreta (on the wall but not in muscle) 2) placenta increta (in uterine muscle) and 3) placenta percreta (attaching to another organ)

Question 27

preeclampsia

Answer 27

abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache

Question 28

eclampsia

Answer 28

final and most severe phase of untreated preeclampsia

Question 29

What is the Apgar score?

Answer 29

a system of scoring an infant's physical condition 1-5 minutes after birth .. Maximum score is 10, any score under 7 --> the baby requires immediate medical attention

Question 30

What are the five components of the Apgar score?

Answer 30

APGAR… Appearance (color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace (response to catheter in nostril), Activity (muscle tone), Respiration (respiratory effort)

Question 31

Down syndrome

Answer 31

chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21) results in mental retardation, retarded growth, a flat face with a short nose, low-set ears, and slanted eyes

Question 32

erythroblastosis fetalis

Answer 32

Hemolytic Disease in the Newborn (HDN) caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus… when Rh- mom has Rh+ baby, the mother's body produces antibodies in response to Rh+ antigen from baby, fastforward to next pregnancy (if mom didn't receive the Rh immunoglobulin)... antibodies from mother pass to new Rh+ baby and destroy new baby's RBCs

Question 33

hyaline membrane disease

Answer 33

acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn… also called Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the newborn (RDS)

Question 34

hydrocephalus

Answer 34

accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain

Question 35

meconium aspiration syndrome

Answer 35

abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stool) prodcued by a fetus or newborn

Question 36

meconium ileus

Answer 36

obstruction of the small intestine in the newborn

Question 37

What is meconium?

Answer 37

a thick, sticky, greenish to black substance that is actually the first stool of the fetus and newborn

Question 38

pyloric stenosis

Answer 38

narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum