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Medical Terminology > Ch. 8 Female Reproductive Diseases > Flashcards

Ch. 8 Female Reproductive Diseases Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

galactorrhea

A

abnormal, persistent discharge of milk, commonly seen within pituitary gland tumors

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2
Q

carcinoma of the cervix

A

malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer).. Infection with HPV

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3
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal cell growth

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4
Q

carcinoma in situ (CIS)

A

localized form of cancer

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5
Q

cervicitis

A

inflammation of the cervix

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6
Q

leukorrhea

A

clear, white or yellow pus-filled vaginal discharge

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7
Q

carcinoma of the endometrium (endometrial cancer)

A

malignant tumor of the uterine lining (adenocarcinoma)

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8
Q

endometriosis

A

endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

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9
Q

endometriomas or “Chocolate cysts”

A

large blood-filled cysts occuring when endometriosis affects the ovaries

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10
Q

fibroids… also called leiomyomata or leiomyomas

A

benign tumors in the uterus … (lei/o = smooth, my/o = muscle, -oma = tumor)

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11
Q

ovarian carcinoma (cancer)

A

malignant tumor of the ovary (adenocarcinoma)

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12
Q

What are the two types of ovarian carcinoma?

A

1) serous (clear fluid) and 2) mucinous (thick, pasty fluid) cystic adenocarcinomas

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13
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

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14
Q

ovarian cysts

A

collections of fluid within a sacs (cysts) in the ovary

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15
Q

cystadenocarcinomas

A

cysts that are malignant and lines with atypical tumor cells

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16
Q

teratoma

A

(terat/o = monster) … dermoid cyst of the ovary…because of the strange assortment of tissue types in the tumor (PAGE 277) the tumor is called a benign cystic teratoma or mature teratoma

17
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, endocervicitis ……. Leading cause of PID is… STDS!!!

18
Q

carcinoma of the breast (breast cancer)

A

malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts)

19
Q

What is the most common type of breast cancer?

A

invasive ductal carcinoma… other histopathologic (hist/o = tissue) types are lobular and medullary carcinoma

20
Q

fibrocystic breast disease

A

numerous small sacs of fluid surrounded by dense strands of fibrous tissue in the breast

21
Q

abruptio placentae

A

premature separation of the normally implanted placenta

22
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location

23
Q

multiple gestations

A

more than one fetus inside the uterus (TWINS!)

24
Q

placenta previa

A

implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus

25
Q

What does previa mean?

A

before or in the front of

26
Q

What are the three forms of abnormal implantation of the placenta?

A

1) placenta accreta (on the wall but not in muscle) 2) placenta increta (in uterine muscle) and 3) placenta percreta (attaching to another organ)

27
Q

preeclampsia

A

abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache

28
Q

eclampsia

A

final and most severe phase of untreated preeclampsia

29
Q

What is the Apgar score?

A

a system of scoring an infant’s physical condition 1-5 minutes after birth .. Maximum score is 10, any score under 7 –> the baby requires immediate medical attention

30
Q

What are the five components of the Apgar score?

A

APGAR… Appearance (color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace (response to catheter in nostril), Activity (muscle tone), Respiration (respiratory effort)

31
Q

Down syndrome

A

chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21) results in mental retardation, retarded growth, a flat face with a short nose, low-set ears, and slanted eyes

32
Q

erythroblastosis fetalis

A

Hemolytic Disease in the Newborn (HDN) caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus… when Rh- mom has Rh+ baby, the mother’s body produces antibodies in response to Rh+ antigen from baby, fastforward to next pregnancy (if mom didn’t receive the Rh immunoglobulin)… antibodies from mother pass to new Rh+ baby and destroy new baby’s RBCs

33
Q

hyaline membrane disease

A

acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn… also called Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the newborn (RDS)

34
Q

hydrocephalus

A

accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain

35
Q

meconium aspiration syndrome

A

abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stool) prodcued by a fetus or newborn

36
Q

meconium ileus

A

obstruction of the small intestine in the newborn

37
Q

What is meconium?

A

a thick, sticky, greenish to black substance that is actually the first stool of the fetus and newborn

38
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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