Ch. 10 Nervous System Diseases

Question 1

hydrocephalus

Answer 1

abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain

Question 2

spina bifida

Answer 2

congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect)

Question 3

spina bifida occulta

Answer 3

the vertebral defect is covered over with skin and evident only on x-ray or other imaging examination

Question 4

spina bifida cystica

Answer 4

a more severe form, with cyst-like protrusions

Question 5

meningocele

Answer 5

meninges protrude to the outside of the body

Question 6

myelomeningocele

Answer 6

both the spinal cord and meninges protrude

Question 7

Alzheimer diseases (AD)

Answer 7

brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning

Question 8

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 8

degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem… also known as Lou Gehrig disease

Question 9

epilepsy

Answer 9

chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent sizure activity

Question 10

tonic-clonic seziures

Answer 10

characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness, falling down, and then tonic contractions (stiffening of muscles) followed by clonic contractions (twtiching and jerking movements of the limbs)

Question 11

absence seizures

Answer 11

a form of seizure consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness of the person’s surroundings

Question 12

Huntington disease (Huntington chorea)

Answer 12

hereditary disorder marked by degernative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration

Question 13

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 13

destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

Question 14

myasthenia gravis (MG)

Answer 14

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

Question 15

palsy

Answer 15

paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)

Question 16

cerebral palsy

Answer 16

partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination caused by loss of oxygen (hypoxia) or blood flow to the cerebrum during pregnancy or in the perinatal period

Question 17

Bell palsy

Answer 17

paralysis on one side of the face

Question 18

Parkinson disease (parkinsonism)

Answer 18

degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement

Question 19

Tourette syndrome

Answer 19

involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words

Question 20

bradykinesia

Answer 20

shuffling gait (symptom of Parkinsons)

Question 21

herpes zoster (shingles)

Answer 21

viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

Question 22

meningitis

Answer 22

inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis

Question 23

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy

Answer 23

brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS

Question 24

brain tumor

Answer 24

abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges

Question 25

cerebral concussion

Answer 25

type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head

Question 26

cerebral contusion

Answer 26

bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head

Question 27

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Answer 27

disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain ; stroke AKA cerebral infarction

Question 28

Thrombotic stroke

Answer 28

blood clot (thrombus) in the arteries leading to the brain, resulting in occlusion of the vessel

Question 29

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)

Answer 29

short episodes of neurologic dysfunction … “mini strokes”

Question 30

Embolic stroke

Answer 30

an embolus (a dislodged thrombus) travels to cerebral (brain) arteries and occludes in a small vessel… occurs very suddenly

Question 31

Hemmorhagic stroke

Answer 31

a blood vessel, such as the cerebral artery, breaks and bleeding occurs

Question 32

migraine

Answer 32

severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache

Question 33

Astrocytoma

Answer 33

malignant tumor of astrocytes (glial brain cells)

Question 34

aura

Answer 34

peculiar symptom or sensation occurring before the onset (prodromal) of an attack of migraine or an epileptic seizure

Question 35

dementia

Answer 35

mental decline and deterioration