Ch. 11 Cardiovascular System Diseases

Question 1

arrhythmias

Answer 1

abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias)

Question 2

bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)

Answer 2

failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

Question 3

flutter

Answer 3

rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

Question 4

fibrillation

Answer 4

very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)

Question 5

palpitations

Answer 5

uncomfortable sensations in the chest from missed heartbeats

Question 6

Congenital heart disease

Answer 6

Abnormalities in the heart at birth

Question 7

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

Answer 7

Narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta

Question 8

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Answer 8

Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth

Question 9

Septal defects

Answer 9

Small holes in the wall between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects)

Question 10

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 10

Congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects

Question 11

What are the four defects in the Tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 11

1) Pulmonary artery stenosis 2) Ventricular septal defect 3) Shift of the aorta to the right 4) Hypertrophy of the right ventricle

Question 12

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Answer 12

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

Question 13

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 13

Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

Question 14

Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACSs)

Answer 14

conditions caused by myocardial ischemia ….. Unstable angina (chest pain at rest or chest pain of increasing frequency) and myocardial infarction

Question 15

Endocarditis

Answer 15

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

Question 16

Hypertensive heart disease

Answer 16

High blood pressure affecting the heart

Question 17

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Answer 17

Improper closure of the mitral valve

Question 18

Murmur

Answer 18

Extra heart sound, heard between normal beats

Question 19

Pericarditis

Answer 19

Inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart

Question 20

Rheumatic heart disease

Answer 20

Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

Question 21

Aneurysm

Answer 21

Local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall

Question 22

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Answer 22

Blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

Question 23

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 23

clot travels to the lung

Question 24

Hypertension (HTN)

Answer 24

high blood pressure

Question 25

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Answer 25

Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs

Question 26

Intermittent claudication

Answer 26

Absence of pain or discomfort in a leg at rest, but pain, tension and weakness after walking has begun **sign of Peripheral arterial disease

Question 27

Raynaud disease

Answer 27

Recurrent episodes of pallow and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes

Question 28

Varicose veins

Answer 28

Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occuring in the legs