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Medical Terminology > Ch. 5/6 Digestive System Diseases > Flashcards

Ch. 5/6 Digestive System Diseases Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anorexia

A

lack of appetite

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2
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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3
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract

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4
Q

constipation

A

difficulty in passing stools (feces)

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5
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

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6
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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7
Q

eructation

A

gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

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8
Q

flatus

A

gas expelled through the anus (farting)

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9
Q

hematochezia

A

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

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10
Q

jaundice (icterus)

A

yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)

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11
Q

melena

A

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

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12
Q

nausea

A

unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit

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13
Q

steatorrhea

A

fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter

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14
Q

aphthous stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

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15
Q

dental carries

A

tooth decay

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16
Q

herpetic stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus

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17
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

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18
Q

periodontal disease

A

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth and surrounding bone

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19
Q

achalasia

A

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax

20
Q

esophageal cancer

A

malignant tumor of the esophagus

21
Q

esophageal varices

A

swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

22
Q

gastric cancer

A

malignant tumor of the stomach

23
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

24
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

25
Q

hiatal hernia

A

occurs when the upper part of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm

26
Q

inguinal hernia

A

occurs when a small loop of bowel protrudes through a weak lower abdominal wall tissue

27
Q

peptic ulcer

A

open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

28
Q

anal fistula

A

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

29
Q

colonic polyps

A

polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

30
Q

colorectal cancer

A

adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both

31
Q

Crohn disease “Crohn’s”

A

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

32
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

2 forms: Crohn disease + ulcerative colitis, inflammation of the colon and small intestine

33
Q

diverticulosis

A

abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon

34
Q

dysentery

A

painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

35
Q

hemorrhoids

A

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

36
Q

ileus

A

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

37
Q

intussusception

A

telescoping of the intestines

38
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation), but without abnormalities in the intestines

39
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

40
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the intestine on itself

41
Q

cholelithiasis

A

gallstones in the gallbladder

42
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation and infection of the gallbladder

43
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

44
Q

pancreatic cancer

A

malignant tumor of the pancreas

45
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

46
Q

viral hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

47
Q

celiac disease

A

damage to the lining of the small intestine as a reaction to eating gluten

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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