Ch. 5/6 Digestive System Diseases

Question 1

anorexia

Answer 1

lack of appetite

Question 2

ascites

Answer 2

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Question 3

borborygmus

Answer 3

rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract

Question 4

constipation

Answer 4

difficulty in passing stools (feces)

Question 5

diarrhea

Answer 5

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

Question 6

dysphagia

Answer 6

difficulty in swallowing

Question 7

eructation

Answer 7

gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

Question 8

flatus

Answer 8

gas expelled through the anus (farting)

Question 9

hematochezia

Answer 9

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

Question 10

jaundice (icterus)

Answer 10

yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)

Question 11

melena

Answer 11

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

Question 12

nausea

Answer 12

unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit

Question 13

steatorrhea

Answer 13

fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter

Question 14

aphthous stomatitis

Answer 14

inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

Question 15

dental carries

Answer 15

tooth decay

Question 16

herpetic stomatitis

Answer 16

inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus

Question 17

oral leukoplakia

Answer 17

white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

Question 18

periodontal disease

Answer 18

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth and surrounding bone

Question 19

achalasia

Answer 19

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax

Question 20

esophageal cancer

Answer 20

malignant tumor of the esophagus

Question 21

esophageal varices

Answer 21

swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 22

gastric cancer

Answer 22

malignant tumor of the stomach

Question 23

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 23

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

Question 24

hernia

Answer 24

protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

Question 25

hiatal hernia

Answer 25

occurs when the upper part of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm

Question 26

inguinal hernia

Answer 26

occurs when a small loop of bowel protrudes through a weak lower abdominal wall tissue

Question 27

peptic ulcer

Answer 27

open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Question 28

anal fistula

Answer 28

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Question 29

colonic polyps

Answer 29

polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Question 30

colorectal cancer

Answer 30

adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both

Question 31

Crohn disease "Crohn's"

Answer 31

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Question 32

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Answer 32

2 forms: Crohn disease + ulcerative colitis, inflammation of the colon and small intestine

Question 33

diverticulosis

Answer 33

abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon

Question 34

dysentery

Answer 34

painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

Question 35

hemorrhoids

Answer 35

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

Question 36

ileus

Answer 36

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

Question 37

intussusception

Answer 37

telescoping of the intestines

Question 38

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 38

group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation), but without abnormalities in the intestines

Question 39

ulcerative colitis

Answer 39

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

Question 40

volvulus

Answer 40

twisting of the intestine on itself

Question 41

cholelithiasis

Answer 41

gallstones in the gallbladder

Question 42

cholecystitis

Answer 42

inflammation and infection of the gallbladder

Question 43

cirrhosis

Answer 43

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Question 44

pancreatic cancer

Answer 44

malignant tumor of the pancreas

Question 45

pancreatitis

Answer 45

inflammation of the pancreas

Question 46

viral hepatitis

Answer 46

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

Question 47

celiac disease

Answer 47

damage to the lining of the small intestine as a reaction to eating gluten