Ch. 8 (Energy Balance) Flashcards

1
Q

The relationship between calorie intake and calorie expenditure determines energy balance. What kind of balance occurs when calorie intake and expenditure are approximately equal (body weight stays stable)?

A

neutral balance

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2
Q

The relationship between calorie intake and calorie expenditure determines energy balance. What kind of balance occurs when calorie intake exceeds expenditure (over time, body weight increases)?

A

positive balance

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3
Q

The relationship between calorie intake and calorie expenditure determines energy balance. What kind of balance occurs when calorie intake is less than expenditure (over time, weight loss occurs)?

A

negative balance

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4
Q

What is defined as the number of calories expended in a 24-hour period to fuel the involuntary activities of the body at rest and after a 12-hour fast?

A

basal energy expenditure (BEE) or basal metabolic rate (BMR)

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5
Q

What are three methods to estimating total calorie requirements?

A
  1. use BEE/BMR and activity factor to estimate total calories
  2. use a simple formula based on kilograms of body weight
  3. use a standard reference that lists estimated daily calorie needs based on gender, age, and activity
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6
Q

How do you calculate body mass index (BMI)?

A

weight in kg/height in meters squared
OR
weight in lbs/height in inches squared multiplied by 703

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7
Q

What is the cutoff for an overweight body mass index (BMI) in adults?

what BMI number starts the overweight range in adults?

A

BMI > or equal to 25

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8
Q

What is the cutoff for an obese body mass index (BMI) in adults?

what BMI number starts the obese range in adults?

A

BMI > or equal to 30

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9
Q

Is basal metabolic rate, also called basal energy expenditure, involuntary or voluntary?

A

involuntary

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10
Q

What increases basal metabolic rate?

A
  • lean muscle
  • extreme temperature
  • prolonged stress
  • puberty
  • pregnancy & lactation
  • physical conditioning
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11
Q

What decreases basal metabolic rate?

A
  • overweight
  • starvation
  • malnutrition
  • age-related lean body mass loss
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12
Q

What are the three criterias used for assessing overweight and obesity?

A
  • body mass index (BMI)
  • waist circumference
  • existing health problems
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13
Q

What may be a better screening tool than both waist circumference and BMI for cardiometabolic risk factors?

A

waist to height ration (WHR)

waist over height

waist should be 1/2 your height

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14
Q

What assesses the location of excess body fat to help identify disease risk?

A

waist circumference

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15
Q

Abdominal fat is clinically defined as a waist cirumference of what in men?

A

greater or equal to 40 inches

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16
Q

Abdominal fat is clinically defined as a waist cirumference of what in women?

A

greater or equal to 35 inches