Ch. 8 (Energy Balance) Flashcards
The relationship between calorie intake and calorie expenditure determines energy balance. What kind of balance occurs when calorie intake and expenditure are approximately equal (body weight stays stable)?
neutral balance
The relationship between calorie intake and calorie expenditure determines energy balance. What kind of balance occurs when calorie intake exceeds expenditure (over time, body weight increases)?
positive balance
The relationship between calorie intake and calorie expenditure determines energy balance. What kind of balance occurs when calorie intake is less than expenditure (over time, weight loss occurs)?
negative balance
What is defined as the number of calories expended in a 24-hour period to fuel the involuntary activities of the body at rest and after a 12-hour fast?
basal energy expenditure (BEE) or basal metabolic rate (BMR)
What are three methods to estimating total calorie requirements?
- use BEE/BMR and activity factor to estimate total calories
- use a simple formula based on kilograms of body weight
- use a standard reference that lists estimated daily calorie needs based on gender, age, and activity
How do you calculate body mass index (BMI)?
weight in kg/height in meters squared
OR
weight in lbs/height in inches squared multiplied by 703
What is the cutoff for an overweight body mass index (BMI) in adults?
what BMI number starts the overweight range in adults?
BMI > or equal to 25
What is the cutoff for an obese body mass index (BMI) in adults?
what BMI number starts the obese range in adults?
BMI > or equal to 30
Is basal metabolic rate, also called basal energy expenditure, involuntary or voluntary?
involuntary
What increases basal metabolic rate?
- lean muscle
- extreme temperature
- prolonged stress
- puberty
- pregnancy & lactation
- physical conditioning
What decreases basal metabolic rate?
- overweight
- starvation
- malnutrition
- age-related lean body mass loss
What are the three criterias used for assessing overweight and obesity?
- body mass index (BMI)
- waist circumference
- existing health problems
What may be a better screening tool than both waist circumference and BMI for cardiometabolic risk factors?
waist to height ration (WHR)
waist over height
waist should be 1/2 your height
What assesses the location of excess body fat to help identify disease risk?
waist circumference
Abdominal fat is clinically defined as a waist cirumference of what in men?
greater or equal to 40 inches