Ch. 8 (Energy Balance)

Question 1

The relationship between calorie intake and calorie expenditure determines energy balance. What kind of balance occurs when calorie intake and expenditure are approximately equal (body weight stays stable)?

Answer 1

neutral balance

Question 2

The relationship between calorie intake and calorie expenditure determines energy balance. What kind of balance occurs when calorie intake exceeds expenditure (over time, body weight increases)?

Answer 2

positive balance

Question 3

The relationship between calorie intake and calorie expenditure determines energy balance. What kind of balance occurs when calorie intake is less than expenditure (over time, weight loss occurs)?

Answer 3

negative balance

Question 4

What is defined as the number of calories expended in a 24-hour period to fuel the involuntary activities of the body at rest and after a 12-hour fast?

Answer 4

basal energy expenditure (BEE) or basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 5

What is defined as the number of calories expended in a 24-hour period to fuel the involuntary activities of the body at rest?

Answer 5

resting metabolic rate (RMR) or resting energy expenditure (REE)

Question 6

How do you calculate body mass index (BMI)?

Answer 6

weight in kg/height in meters squared

Question 7

What is the cutoff for an overweight body mass index (BMI) in adults?

what BMI number starts the overweight range in adults?

Answer 7

BMI > or equal to 25

Question 8

What is the cutoff for an obese body mass index (BMI) in adults?

what BMI number starts the obese range in adults?

Answer 8

BMI > or equal to 30

Question 9

How much energy (calories per gram) does alcohol contain?

Answer 9

7 cal/g

Question 10

How much energy (calories per gram) does carbohydrates contain?

Answer 10

4 cal/g

Question 11

How much energy (calories per gram) does protein contain?

Answer 11

4 cal/g

Question 12

How much energy (calories per gram) does fat contain?

Answer 12

9 cal/g

Question 13

What is defined as the process of consuming foods by mouth and moving it through the digestive system?

Answer 13

ingestion

Question 14

What is defined as the systematic process that includes the breakdown and absorption of nutrients?

Answer 14

digestion

Question 15

What is defined as when components of nutrients pass through the digestive system into the bloodstream and lymphatic system?

Answer 15

absorption

Question 16

What is defined as the sum of chemical processes that occur on a cellular level to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 16

metabolism

Question 17

How do you calculate the total calories in a meal?

Answer 17

number of total grams of nutrient x number of calories/gram (cal/g)

Question 18

What are the different types of expenditure?

Answer 18

• basal metabolism
• physical activity
• thermic effect

Question 19

Is basal metabolic rate, also called basal energy expenditure, involuntary or voluntary?

Answer 19

involuntary

Question 20

What increases basal metabolic rate?

Answer 20

• lean muscle
• extreme temperature
• prolonged stress
• puberty
• pregnancy & lactation
• physical conditioning

Question 21

What decreases basal metabolic rate?

Answer 21

• overweight
• starvation
• malnutrition
• age-related lean body mass loss

Question 22

What type of expenditure revolves around calories spent on processing food?

Answer 22

thermic effect

Question 23

What are the three criterias used for assessing overweight and obesity?

Answer 23

• body mass index (BMI)
• waist circumference
• existing health problems

Question 24

What may be a better screening tool than both waist circumference and BMI for cardiometabolic risk factors?

Answer 24

waist to height ration (WHR)

waist over height

waist should be 1/2 your height