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Nutrition (NRSE-150) > Ch. 5 (Lipid) > Flashcards

Ch. 5 (Lipid) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a group of water-insoluble, energy-yielding organic compounds that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms?

A

lipids

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2
Q

What is classified as a three-carbon atom chain that serves as the backbone of triglycerides?

A

glycerol

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3
Q

What is classified as organic compounds composed of a chain of carbon atoms to which hydrogen atoms are attached?

A

fatty acids

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4
Q

What is classified as a class of lipids composed of a glycerol molecule as its backbone with three fatty acids attached?

A

triglycerides

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5
Q

What is classified as one of the three main classes of lipids, which include cholesterol, bile acids, sex hormones, the adrenocortical hormones, and vitamin D?

A

sterols

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6
Q

What is classified as fatty acids in which all thecarbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as they can hold, so no double bonds exist between carbon atoms?

A

saturated fatty acids (SFAs)

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7
Q

What is classified as fatty acids that are not completely saturated with hydrogen atoms, so one or more double bonds form between the carbon atoms?

A

unsaturated fatty acids

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8
Q

What is classified as an unsaturated fatty acid the endmost double bond of which occurs three carbon atoms from the methyl end of its carbon chain?

A

omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid

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9
Q

What is classified as fatty acids that have two or more double bonds between carbon atoms?

A

polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)

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10
Q

What is classified as a fatty acids that have only one double bond between two carbon atoms?

A

monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)

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11
Q

What is classified as fatty acids that cannot be synthesized in the body and thus must be consumed through food?

A

essential fatty acids

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12
Q

What is classifeid as unsaturated fatty acids whose hydrogen atoms occur on the same side of the double bond?

A

cis fats

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13
Q

What is classified as unsaturated fatty acids that have at least one double bond the hydrogen atoms of of which are on the oppostite sides of the double bond?

A

trans fat

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14
Q

What describes the major class of atherogenic lipoproteins that carry cholesterol from the liver to the tissues?

A

low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol

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15
Q

What group of compound lipids are similar to triglycerides in that they contain a glycerol molecule and two fatty acids?

A

phospolipids

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16
Q

What kind of fat particles are encircled by bile salts to facilitate their diffusion into intestinal cells?

A

micelles

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17
Q

What kind of lipoproteins transports absorbed lipids from intestinal cells through the lymph and eventually into the bloodstream?

A

chylomicrons

18
Q

Where does most fat digestion occur in the body?

A

small intestine

19
Q

What are the three classes of lipids?

A
  • triglycerides
  • phospholipids
  • sterols
20
Q

What elements make up lipids?

A

CHO (though they naturally have more carbon)

21
Q

What are the three types of triglycerides?

A
  • saturated
  • unsaturated
  • essential
22
Q

What type of fats tend to be solid at room temperature?

A

saturated fats

23
Q

What type of fats tend to be liquid at room temperature?

A

unsaturated fats

24
Q

What major type of fatty acid occurs naturally in a small amount in nature?

A

trans fatty acids

25
Q

What is the best-known phospholipid?

A

lecithin

26
Q

Where does most fat digestions occcur in the body?

A

small intestines

27
Q

What kind of lipoproteins are associated with being good for you?

A

high density lipoprotein (HDL)

28
Q

When carbohydrate intake is inadequate, ketones are formed or the catabolism/breakdown of fatty acids is unavailable, what process occurs?

A

fat catabolism (breakdown)

29
Q

What process occurs when newly absorbed fatty acids recombine with glycerol to form triglycerides that end up stored as adipose tissue?

A

fat anabolism (synthesis)

30
Q

What is the recommended AMDR for total fat intake of total calories in adults?

A

20-35%

31
Q

When hydrogenation is occurring, what happens to fats in the body?

A

the placement of their hydrogen atoms are changed (cis->trans position)

32
Q

When fat is metabolized, what happens to the fat?

A

absorbed into the intestinal cells (small intestine)

33
Q

What are some sources of saturated fatty acids?

A
  • animal fats (beef, pork, poultry, vela, egg yolks, dairy products)
  • vegetable oils: palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil
34
Q

What are some sources of monounsaturated fatty acids?

A
  • olives, olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil
  • avocado, cashews, almonds
  • meat fat
35
Q

What are some sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A
  • corn, soybean, safflower, & cottonseeds oils
  • fish
36
Q

What are some sources of dietary cholesterol?

A

exclusively in animals w/organ meats & egg yolks

37
Q

What are some sources of synthetic trans fat?

A
  • corn, soybean, cottonseed, safflower, & canola oil
38
Q

What are the functions of fat in the body?

A
  • fuel the body
  • cushions internal organs & protects
  • regulate body temp
  • dietary fat facilitates the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK) [when consumed in the same meal]
39
Q

What are some sources of omega-3 fatty acids?

A
  • soybean, flaxseed, canola oil
  • walnuts, chia, hemp seeds
  • grass-fed cows
  • fatty fish: salmon, anchovy, sardines, tuna, herring, mackerel
40
Q

What are some strategies for healthier food choices based on fat?

A
  • make better protein choices (portion size control, minimize processed meat intake)
  • choose low-fat or fat-free dairy items
  • limit solid fats used in food prep
  • use oils as healtheir option to solid fat
  • replace fatty foods w/fruit & veggies

Nutrition (NRSE-150) (21 decks)

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