Ch. 1 (Nutrition in Health)

Question 1

What are a collection of dietary reference standards that estimate nutrient intakes necessary to ensure that healthy populations meet nutrient needs to maintain health and prevent deficicency diseases?

Answer 1

dietary reference intakes (DRIS)

Question 2

What are a set of five nutrient-based reference values used to plan and evaluate diets?

Answer 2

dietary reference intakes (DRIs)

Question 3

What are the list of reference values that make up DRIs?

Answer 3

• recommended dietary allowances (RDAs)
• adequate intake (AI)
• tolerable upper intake level (UL)
• chronic disease risk reduction intakes (CDRR)
• acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs)

Question 4

What is defined as the level of nutrient intake associated with chronic disease risk?

Answer 4

chronic disease risk reduciton intake (CDRR)

Question 5

What is defined as the average daily recommended intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of 97% to 98% of healthy individuals by life stage and sex?

Answer 5

recommended dietary allowances (RDAs)

Question 6

What is defined as the nutrient intake estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a specific group?

Answer 6

estimated average requirement (EAR)

Question 7

Is EAR based solely on the prevention of nutrient deficiencies?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

What is defined as the recommended average daily intake level thought to meet or exceed the requirement of almost all members of a specific group?

Answer 8

adequate intake (AI)

Question 9

What is defined as the highest levl of average daily nutrient intake that probably poses no risk of adverse health effects to most individuals in the general population?

Answer 9

tolerable upper intake level (UL)

Question 10

What is defined as the intake range for energy nutrients expressed as a percentage of total calories that is associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease?

broad ranges for each macronutrient expressed as a percentage of total calories consumed

Answer 10

acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs)

Question 11

What is defined as the the combination of foods and beverages that constitutes an individual’s complete dietary intake over time?

Answer 11

dietary patterns

Question 12

What is defined as the amount, proportions, variety, or combination of different foods and beverages in diets, and the frequency with which they are usually eaten?

Answer 12

dietary patterns

Question 13

What refers to the the relative proportions of nutrients compared to calories in a food or serving?

Answer 13

nutrient density

Question 14

What is composed of food and nutrient characteristics that have established relationships with health outcomes and is a density-based measure of diet quality?

Answer 14

healthy eating index-2015

Question 15

What is referred to as a numerical measure of diet quality based on food groups and key recommendations made in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Answer 15

healthy eating index-2015

Question 16

What is the study of the interaction between bioactive food components and genes and how that interaction impacts health and disease?

Answer 16

nutrigenomics

Question 17

What is the diet quality the average united states resident has?

Answer 17

• low in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, and seafood
• high in saturated fat, sugars, and sodium

Question 18

When an RDA cannot be determined due to lack of sufficient data on requirements, what do we use?

Answer 18

adequate intake (AI)

Question 19

What are the three components that make up the total diet approach?

Answer 19

• dietary patterns
• nutrient density
• overall diet quality: the HEI-2015

Question 20

What do studies link dietary patterns, including nutrient density and diet quality to?

Answer 20

• health promotion
• prevention of disease

Question 21

In relation to nutrition…

Are people dying from chronic disease or acute disease? What is it usually from?

Answer 21

• chronic
• inbalance in nutrition

Question 22

What is described as chemical substances used by the body that are necessary for life and growth which include classes such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water?

Answer 22

nutrients

Question 23

What is a comprehensive blueprint for monitoring the nation’s progress towards becoming healthier?

Answer 23

health people 2030

Question 24

What are modifiable risk factors for chronic disease?

Answer 24

• poor diet
• tobacco use
• excessive alcohol intake
• physical in activity

Question 25

What uses evidence-based lifestyle therapeutic approaches to treat, reverse, and prevent chronic disease?

Answer 25

lifestyle medicines

Question 26

What are the characteristics of lifestyle medicine?

Answer 26

• plant based eating pattern
• regular physical activity
• adequate sleep
• stress management
• avoiding the use of risky substances
• pursuing other non-drug modalities to treat, reverse, and prevent chronic disease

facilitate long-term lifestyle changes to prevent and treat chronic

disease.

Question 27

What are potential future benefits of nutrigenomics?

Answer 27

• advances in individualized nutrition interventions (potential to help individuals live healthier, more productive lives and reduce the worldwide strain of chronic disease)