Ch. 3 (Carbohydrates) Flashcards
What kind of macromolecule is a class of energy-yielding nutrients that contian only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?
carbohydrates (CHO)
What is a classification of carbohydrates that includes monosaccharides and disaccharides?
simple sugars
What is a group name for starch, glycogen, and fiber; composed of long chains of glucose molecules?
complex carbohydrates
What is the storage form of glucose in plants?
starch
Carbohydrates are split into mono, di, and polysaccharides.
What type of carbohydrate main function is providing basic energy for cells?
monosaccharides
What kind of carbohydrate cannot be digested into smaller molecules due to already being in its simplest form?
monosacharrides
What kind of carbohydrate are double sugars made from one glucose molecule and one other monosaccharide?
disaccharides
Disaccharides are made from what?
- one glucose molecule
- one other monoosaccharide (fructose, galactose)
What are the three monosaccharides?
- glucose
- fructose
- galactose
What are the three disaccharides?
- sucrose
- maltose
- lactose
What are the three polysaccharides?
- starch
- glycogen
- fiber
What are the most abundant type of monosaccharides in food?
hexoses
What are the most nutritionally significant monosaccharides in food?
hexoses
containing six carbon atoms
There are three different types of monosaccharides.
What type of monosaccharide circulates through the blood to provide energy for body cells and is a component of all disaccharides?
corn syrup is its famous form!
glucose/dextrose
There are three different types of monosaccharides.
What type of monosaccharide is the sweetest of all simple sugars and is comprised of 42% to 55% of high-fructoose corn syrup?
fruits are its famous form!
fructose
There are three different types of monosaccharides.
What type of monosaccharide does not occur in appreciable amounts of in foods and is significant only as it combines with glucose to form lactose?
milk is its famous form!
galactose
There are three different types of disaccharides.
What type of disaccharide is composed of 50% glucose and 50% fructose?
table sugar is its famous form!
sucrose
There are three different types of disaccharides.
What type of disaccharide is composed of 50% glucose and 50% galactose?
milk is its famous form!
lactose
There are three different types of disaccharides.
What type of disaccharide is composed of two glucose molecules?
malt sugar is its famous form!
maltose
There are three different types of disaccharides.
What type of disaccharide is extracted from sugarcane and sugar beets and processed into its many forms, such as white, brown, powdered, turbinado, raw and baker’s special?
table sugar is its famous form!
sucrose
There are three different types of disaccharides.
What type of disaccharide is the least sweet of all sugars?
lactose
There are three different types of disaccharides.
What type of disaccharide enhances the absorption of calcium when consumed in the same meal and is often used by pharmaceutical industry as filler in pills?
milk is its famous form!
lactose
There are three different types of disaccharides.
What type of disaccharide is produced through the process of malting is used primarily as a flavoring and coloring agent in the manufacture of beer and an intermediate in the digestion of starch?
malt sugar is its famous form!
maltose
What kind of carbohydrate consists of many (more than two) sugar molecules?
polysaccharides
Despite being made of sugar, what type of carbohydrate does not taste sweet because their molecuoles are too large to fit on the tongue’s taste bud receptors that sense sweetness?
polysaccharide
What type of carbohydrate is the storage form of glucose in animals and humans?
glycogen
There are three different types of polysaccharides.
What type of polysaccharide is synthesized glucose through the process of photosynthesis that is not immedately used as energy?
grains, legumes, & root vegetables are its famous form!
starch
There are three different types of disaccharides.
What type of disaccharide mainly functions as energy, and aiding in calcium & phosphorus absorption?
lactose
There are three different types of polysaccharides.
What type of polysaccharide provides the majority of calories in grains, legumes, & root vegetables?
starch