Ch 7.3 Flashcards
6 factors that influence conformity
group size unanimity cohesion status accountability no prior commitment
group size
a group doesn’t have to be very large but a group of 3-5 poeple will elicit more conformity than 1-2 people
unanimity
there is strong pressure not to dissent when everyone else agrees however if one person disagrees, others are more likely to voice their real opinions
cohesion
an individual will more likely be swayed to agree with opinions that come from somone within a group with whom the individual identifies
status
higher status people have stronger influence on opinions
accountability
people tend to conform more when they must respond in front of others rather than in closed formats in which they cannot be held accountable for their opinions
no prior committment
once people have made public commitments , they tend to stick to them ex somoene has taken a pledge to become a fraternity brother he is more likely to follow the norms of that group
social structures are composed of five elements
statuses, social roles, groups , social networsk and organizations
all 5 are developed thru process of socialization
status
broad term in sociology that refers to all the socially defined positons within society
status and people
people can hold multiple statuses at the same time
master status
one that dominates the others and determines that individual’s general position in society
sometimes it is not the one the individual prefers
statuses may
be ascribed or achieved
ascribed status
those that are assigned to person by society regardless of the person’s own efforts
aslo come with role expectations
ex of ascribed status
gender and race
achieved status
considered to be due largely to the individual’s efforts
ex of achieved status
doctor , parent
social roles
expectations for people of a given social status
roles contribute
to society’s stability by making things more predictable
role conflict
happens when there is a conflict in society’s expectations for multiple statuses held by the same person
ex role conflict
male nurse
gay priest
role strain
when a single status results in conflicting expectations
ex role strain
homosexual man may feel pressure to avoide being too gay
role exit
process of disengaging from a role that has become closely tied to one’s self identity to take on another
ex role exit
transition from high school student to more independent college student living on campus with peers
social network
web of social relationships, including those in which a person is directly linked to others as well as those in which people are indirectly connected thru others
often based on groups that individuals belong to
ex of social network
organizations
large more impersonal groups that come together to pursue particular activities and meet goals efficiently
tend to complex and hierarchically structured
organizations serve the purpose
of increasing efficiency, predictability, control and uniformity in society, allow knowledge to be passed down more easily so individual people become more replaceable
ex of organization’s purpose
McDonald’s is an organization one may expect a particular experience and menu options regardless of who is actually working at that particular restaurant
three types of organizations
utilitarian
normative
coercive
utilitarian
those in which members get paid for their efforst
ex business
normative
motivate membership based on morally relevant goals
ex mothers against drunk driving
coercive organizations
those which members do not have a choice in joining ex prison
emotions arise
based on our typically unconscious appraisals of situations
ability of quickly appraise situations using emotion has evolutionary significance
more complex emotions
have important influences on our memories, expectations, and interpretations
detection of emotions in other using clues
body language, tone and pitch in their voices and expression in their faces
people can look at a
face for a mere tenth of a second to accurately judge the emotion that it portrays
areas of the face thta convey the most emotions
eyes and mouth
women’s greater sensitivity to nonverba cues
explain their greater emoional literacy or ability to describe their emotions
capable of describing more complex emotions
mens tend to describe emotions
anger
is considered the most masculine emotion
