CH 7 SG Flashcards
What are the changes in the adolescent brain?
(BRIDGE TO EMERGING ADULTHOOD)
PHYSICAL ASPECTS
• TEEN BRAIN
• Puberty
• Health
Brain-still developing
Puberty
• THE YEARS OF RAPID
PHYSICAL GROWTH &
SEXUAL MATURATION
• FEMALES SHOW SIGNS EARLIER
THAN MALES
(10-11 in girls/11-12 in boys)
• HEREDITY & ENVIRONMENT
• PROCESS
• VARIATION
What is the importance of sleep and how the sleep cycle changes in adolescents?
HELPS US LEARN & REMEMBER
• MAINTAIN FOCUS & ALERTNESS
• IMPORTANT FOR HEALTH (PHYSICAL &
MENTAL)
teenagers have a natural tendency to fall asleep later and to wake up later than before
What are the three leading causes of death in adolescence?
- ACCIDENTS
- SUICIDES
- HOMICIDES
Body image
MENTAL CONCEPTION OF & ATTITUDE
TOWARD PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
(ATTITUDE—NOT NECESSARILY
REALITY)
Formal thought
a stage of cognitive development in which a person is able to think abstractly and logically
Intuitive
a way of thinking that involves making quick decisions and judgments based on instinct, prior knowledge, and immediate perceptions, rather than systematic reasoning
Adolescent egocentrism
HEIGHTENED SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS OF ADOLESCENTS
•INVINCIBILITY FABLE
•PERSONAL FABLE
•IMAGINARY AUDIENCE
Invicibility fable
ILLUSION OF INVULNERABILITY
•MAY LEAD TO HIGH RISK TAKING
Risk taking
the act or fact of doing something that involves danger or risk in order to achieve a goal COMBINATION OF FACTORS (NATURE & NURTURE)
James Marcia’s four ways adolescents identity crisis
it describes the four ways adolescents cope with identity crisis, or form their personal identities
(Achievement, Diffusion, Moratorium, Foreclosure)
Emotional regulation in teens
ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY MANAGE & CONTROL EMOTIONS
•WIDE VARIATIONS IN ADOLESCENTS
•MUCH BETTER THAN YOUNG CHILDREN!
(ADOLESCENT MOODINESS IS NORMAL & COMMON)
Major Depression
MOST COMMON PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE (a depressed mood or loss of pleasure or interest in activities for long periods of time)
•INCREASES AROUND PUBERTY
•MAY BE MISTAKEN FOR “MOODINESS”
•IRRITABILITY IS A BIG SYMPTOM IN TEENS
•MAJOR DEP. NEEDS TREATMENT
•HIGH % DON’T RECEIVE TREATMENT
Menarche
ONSET OF MENSTRUATION
Spermarche
the first ejaculation and the beginning of sperm production in males
Primary sex characteristics
• PARTS OF BODY DIRECTLY
INVOLVED IN REPRODUCTION
• OVARIES
• TESTES
Secondary sex characteristics
• PHYSICAL TRAITS NOT
DIRECTLY INOVLVED IN
REPRODUCTION BUT INDICATE
SEXUAL MATURITY
• BREASTS
• BODY SHAPE
Emotional autonomy
the ability to be independent of others emotionally and to be responsible for one’s actions
Formal operations (final stage Piaget)
individuals gain the ability to think abstractly, logically reason about hypothetical situations, and consider multiple possibilities/solve problems using complex reasoning and abstract concepts w/o relying solely on concrete experiences (11-12 yrs old)
Imaginary audience
a psychological state where an individual imagines and believes that multitudes of people are listening to or watching them (spotlight effect)
Deviant peer contagion
the transmission or transfer of deviant behavior from one adolescent to another
Differential susceptibility
a developmental model that describes how some people are more sensitive to environmental influences than others
Homophily
the tendency of individuals to associate and bond with similar others
Identity foreclosure
a stage of identity development in which a person accepts the values, goals, and skills that others have assigned to them without question (a woman who grows up tall may be expected to become a supermodel)
Identity achievement
a cognitive process in human growth and development that involves exploring one’s identity and committing to a set of values and beliefs
Identity diffusion
a state where an individual has not yet explored or committed to a specific identity
Identity moratorium
a stage in which an individual is actively exploring various options but has not yet made a commitment
Identify development
the process of establishing a sense of self and identity
MAMA (Moratorium-achievement) cycling
are when identity status changes from moratorium to achievement to moratorium to achievement. This can happen throughout life
Phinney’s model of ethnic identity
a dynamic process where individuals develop a sense of belonging to their ethnic group
Psychological control
guilt induction, shaming, love withdrawal, and invalidation of children’s thoughts and feelings
Anorexia
significant weight loss, an intense fear of being overweight, a false sense of body image, and a refusal to eat the proper number of calories to achieve a healthy weight
Bulimia nervosa
Characterized by extreme overeating followed by purging
Amygdala
Emotions
Cerebellum
• MOTOR CONTROL, BALANCE
• ATTENTION
Prefrontal cortex
• EARLY 20’S (BY 25)
• HIGHER ORDER THINKING
• PLANNING
• DECISION MAKING
• GOAL SETTING
• IMPULSE CONTROL
• METACOGNITION (thinking about
their own thinking)
Physical Changes in Puberty
HORMONAL
• ANDROGENS
• ESTROGENS
• HT. & WT.
• FAT DISTRIBUTION
• CIRCULATORY
• RESPITORY
Immediate Impact of Puberty
-SELF-ESTEEM
-MOODINESS
• STRONGEST IN EARLY PUBERTY
Health in Adolescences
• OVERALL GOOD
• CRITICAL JUNCTURE
CRITICAL JUNCTURE
• FACTORS AFFECTING
FUTURE HEALTH BEGIN
• DIET
• EXERCISE
• SLEEP
• SMOKING
• DRINKING
• DRUGS
Binge-eating disorder
Episodes of extreme overeating of a larger amount of food than most people would eat in a similar amount of time under similar circumstances
Orthorexia
•Obsession with healthy eating with associated restrictive behaviors
•May lead to malnourishment, loss of relationships, and poor quality of life
•Not recognized yet in the DSM
Analytic thinking
the ability to comprehend a situation by breaking it down into its components and identifying key or underlying complex issues
EATING DISORDERS
Involve restricting food consumption, obsessing about weight or body shape, eating too much, and purging
Personal fable
BELIEVE OWN LIFE IS UNIQUE
•CAN LEAD TO CREATIVITY
•CAN LEAD TO INVINCIBILITY FABLE
The factors involved with risk taking
Brain development
•Prefrontal cortex
•Risk sensitivity areas
•PERSONALITY—Type T
•ILLUSION OF INVULNERABILITY
•LACK OF EXPERIENCE TO ASSESS OPTIONS
•SOCIAL PRESSURE
•REINFORCED (VIEWS ON YOU TUBE)
•FATALISTIC
Delay discounting
discount future rewards & seek IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION
Habituation of risk taking
”get use to it”
Major Depression causes
•BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL (DIATHESIS)
•NATURE & NURTURE
•BIOLOGY
•SEROTONIN
•GENETIC PREDISPOSITION
•ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
•THINKING
•PESSIMISTIC
Major Depression treatments
-ANTI-DEPRESSANTS
-PSYCHOTHERAPY
-COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
Major Depression gender issues
DIFFERENCES IN STRESS & DEPRESSION
•MALES—TURN OUTWARD
•PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
•DRINKING
•FEMALES—TURN INWARD
•RUMINATION
