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HG/D SG FLCDS > CH 4 SG > Flashcards

CH 4 SG Flashcards

1
Q

Brain development in the first two years of life

A

RAPID NEURAL GROWTH
•TRANSIENT EXUBERANCE
•RAPID INCREASE IN DENDRITES IN BRAIN

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2
Q

Cephalo-caudel growth patterns

A

(HEAD TO TOE) physical and motoric development follows a head-to-toe progression

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3
Q

Reflexes

A

•INVOLUNTARY RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS
•NEWBORNS—3 SETS OF PROTECTIVE movements

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4
Q

Joint attention

A

when two people focus on the same object or action at the same time

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5
Q

Piaget’s sensorimotor stage

A

EXPERIENCE WORLD THRU SENSES & MOTOR SKILLS
INTERACTION BETWEEN BABY AND ENVIRONMENT
•ATTEMPT TO PRODUCE EXPERIENCES
•SHAKE RATTLE
•HAVE GOALS
•FUSS OR POINT

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6
Q

Child-directed speech

A

facilitates language acquisition by capturing children’s attention and making language input more engaging

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7
Q

Emotions expressed in the first 6 months

A

DEMONSTRATE A WIDE RANGE OF EMOTIONS
•NATURE & NURTURE
(happiness, sadness, surprise, and fear)

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8
Q

Stranger wariness

A

FEAR OF UNFAMILIAR PEOPLE
•MEMORY PLAYS A ROLE

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9
Q

Self-conscious emotions

A

•PRIDE
•SHAME
•EMBARASSMENT
•GUILT
•BY AGE 2 MOST CHILDREN DISPLAY ENTIRE RANGE OF EMOTIONS

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10
Q

Self-awareness

A

•REALIZATION THEY ARE DISTINCT INDIVIDUALS
•SENSE OF ME AND MINE
•DEPEND PARTLY ON MEMORY
•EMERGE FROM FAMILY INTERACTIONS
•DEVELOPS AFTER FIRST YEAR

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11
Q

Concept of temperament

A

they tend to react to and interact with their environment, including their emotional intensity, activity level, and adaptability to new situations

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12
Q

Social referencing

A

the process wherein infants use the affective displays of an adult to regulate their behaviors toward environmental objects, persons, and situations

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13
Q

Attachment and the four types of attachment styles

A

the emotional bond a child forms with their primary caregiver
LASTING EMOTIONAL BOND
•BEGINS AT BIRTH
•MOST EVIDENT BEGINNING AT AGE 1
•INFLUENCES RELATIONSHIPS

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14
Q

Harlow’s contact comfort

A

the idea that infants have a primary need for physical closeness and tactile stimulation from their caregivers

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15
Q

Fathers as caregivers

A

( fathers can be nurturing too) increasingly recognized role of fathers in actively providing emotional and physical care to their children/challenging traditional gender roles

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16
Q

MYELINATION

A

•MYELIN SHEATH DEVELOPS RAPIDLY DURING 1ST 2 YRS.
•HELPS PROTECT
•SPEEDS UP NEURAL MESSAGE

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17
Q

PRUNING

A

•Unused dendrites die allowing space between neurons
•allows more synapses and thus more complex thinking

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18
Q

STIMULATION

A

•PLASTICITY
•DEGREE BRAIN IS MODIFIED BY EXPERIENCE
•GREATEST FIRST FEW YEARS

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19
Q

synaptic blooming

A

a period of rapid neural growth during early childhood, where a large number of connections between neurons (synapses) are formed

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20
Q

sensorimotor key themes

A

learning about the world through sensory experiences and physical actions

21
Q

object permanence

A

the understanding that an object continues to exist even when it is not directly visible or perceived

22
Q

infant-directed (ID) speech

A

the particular form of spontaneous language observed in interactions between parents and their infants

23
Q

Bayley Scales

A

a useful tool for detecting early developmental delay in clinical and research settings

24
Q

Proximo-distal growth patterns

A

the developmental principle that growth and motor skill acquisition progresses from the center of the body outward to the extremities

25
Q

BODY

A

•GROWTH IS RAPID
•BIRTH WEIGHT TRIPLES BY FIRST YEAR

26
Q

OTHER REFLEXES

A

•MORO
•GRASPING
•STEPPING
•BABINSKI

27
Q

Motor skills

A

•MOVEMENT ABILITY
•NATURE & NURTURE
•REFLEXES & CAREGIVING

28
Q

Three interacting elements underlying motor skills

A

•Muscle strength
•Brain maturation
•Practice

29
Q

HEARING

A

•MOST DEVELOPED OF INFANT SENSES
•DEVELOPS DURING LAST TRIMESTER
•FINE-TUNED AFTER BIRTH
•ALL RANGES
•SOUND LOCALIZATION

30
Q

VISION

A

•LEAST DEVELOPED
•NEWBORNS ARE LEGALLY BLIND
•IMPROVES RAPIDLY AFTER BIRTH
•RAPID BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
By 4 months color perception–similar to adults (VISUAL EXPERIENCE LEADS TO ABILITY TO FOCUS & COORDINATING EYES (BINOCULAR VISION 2-4 MONTHS))

31
Q

VISUAL PREFERENCES

A

•PATTERNS
•CURVED OVER STRAIGHT LINES
•FACES TO PARTS OF FACES
•COMPLEX DESIGNS VS. SIMPLE ONES
•Moving vs. stationary

32
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF DEPTH PERCEPTION

A

•HELPS BABIES ACKNOWLEDGE HEIGHTS & AVOID FALLS
•VISUAL CLIFF

33
Q

TASTE

A

•FUNCTION AT BIRTH
•PREFERENCE FOR SWEET

34
Q

SMELL

A

•FUNCTIONS AT BIRTH
•RAPIDLY DETECT MOM’S SCENT
•PREFERENCES
•VANILLA & STRAWBERRIES NOT ROTTON EGGS

35
Q

TOUCH

A

•WELL DEVELOPED IN INFANTS
•ALLOWS THEM TO BE COMFORTED

36
Q

Piaget and Cognitive Development

A

•Among the first to propose that infants have cognitive abilities

37
Q

Assimilation

A

using existing knowledge and ideas to understand new information and experiences

38
Q

Language development

A

the process where babies gradually acquire the ability to understand and produce language (babbling or cooing)

39
Q

Separation anxiety

A

CLINGING &/or CRYING WHEN A FAMILIAR CAREGIVER IS ABOUT TO LEAVE
•NORMAL AGE 1
•INTENSIFIES BY AGE 2 & THEN DIMINISHES

40
Q

Tests of self-awareness

A

red coloring on the infant’s nose and put in front of a mirror. The infant touches the mirror (no self-awareness) they touch the red mark on their nose this indicates comprehension

41
Q

secure attachment

A

a healthy emotional bond between a baby and their primary caregiver

42
Q

anxious (ambivalent) attachment

A

often too anxious to do anything alone and may constantly ask for help

43
Q

avoidant attachment

A

most likely to form when a caregiver doesn’t provide a baby with sufficient emotional support

44
Q

disorganized attachment

A

babies had more erratic or incoherent reactions to their parent leaving or returning

45
Q

Accommodation

A

a restructuring of old ideas to make a place for new information

46
Q
  1. MAINTAIN OXYGEN SUPPLY
A

•BREATHING, HICCUPS, & SNEEZES

47
Q
  1. Maintain a constant body temperature
A

•Cold—shiver & tuck legs
•Hot—try & push away blankets

48
Q
  1. Manage feeding
A

•Sucking, rooting, swallowing, spitting up

HG/D SG FLCDS (12 decks)

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