Ch. 7 Metabolism

Question 1

Define metabolism.

Answer 1

Sum of all life-sustaining chemical transformations in the body’s cells.

Question 2

Describe anabolism as it relates to the macronutrients.

Answer 2

Def: Building up.

Production of biological compounds.

Nonessential AA.

Intermediate substances needed for metabolism.

Question 3

Describe catabolism as it relates to the macronutrients.

Answer 3

Def: Breaking down and yielding energy.

Generation of energy from CHO, PRO, and FAT.

• -Anaerobically (glycolysis)
• -Aerobically (oxidative phosphorylation)

Question 4

Explain what happens in the body during feasting and fasting.

Answer 4

Feasting:

• -excess PRO
• -excess CHO
• -excess FAT

Fasting:

• -glucose needed for brain,
• -protein meets glucose needs
• -shift to ketosis [an undesirably high concentration of ketone bodies in the blood and urine]
• -suppression of appetite
• -slowing of metabolism
• -symptoms of starvation

Question 5

What are ketone bodies?

Answer 5

Compounds produced during the incomplete breakdown of fat when glucose is not available in the cells.
–> think diabetes

Question 6

For CHO (glucose), lipids (fatty acids), and PRO (AA), state which can yield glucose, AA and body proteins, and fat stores.

Answer 6

CHO:

• -yields energy
• -yields glucose
• -yields AA and body when proteins (when nitrogen available)
• -yields fat storage.

Lipids (fatty acids):

• -yields energy
• -DOES NOT YIELD GLUCOSE
• -does not yield AA and body proteins
• -yields fat storage

PRO (AA):

• -yields energy
• -yields glucose (when CHO unavailable)
• -yields AA and body proteins (when nitrogen available)
• -yields fat storage

Question 7

Superbowl Bob has a choice of regular beer or lite beer. If he chooses lite beer, his maximum allowed limit is now 3 drinks/day.

Answer 7

FALSE - cuts calories, but not alcoholic content