Ch. 29 Cancer Flashcards
How many people die from cancer each day?
More than 1,500
Tumor Formation
Normal cells –> Initiation. Mutations alter the DNA in one of the cells and include abnormal cell division –> Promotion. Proliferation of the altered cells results in the formation of a tumor. –> Further tumor development. The cancerous tumor release into the bloodstream or lymphatic system (metastasis).
Nutrition consequences of cancer are dependent upon ____, ____, and ____.
Location in the body (ex: head and neck cancer);
Treatment (ex: surgical treatment, radiation, chemotherapy);
Severity
What is Cancer Cachexia (definition)?
Syndrome characterized by anorexia, muscle wasting, weight loss, and fatigue.
____ and ____ become extremely important when someone has cancer.
Calories; Protein
Unintentional ____ ____ is one of the S/S that someone might present with cancer.
Weight loss
About how many patients will present with Cancer Cachexia?
greater than 50%
Cancer Cachexia can result from?
Cytokines
Poor appetite
Altered metabolism
The tumor itself
____ and ____ can further contribute to cancer cachexia.
Treatments; Medications
____% of cancer diagnoses are related to smoking/tobacco use.
33%
____% of cancer diagnoses are related to individuals being obese or overweight
20%
____% of cancer diagnoses are related to individuals getting insufficient physical activity.
5%
____% of cancer diagnoses are related to diet.
5%
Recommendations for Cancer Prevention (10).
- Be as lean as possible without becoming underweight
- Be physically active
- Avoid sugary drinks
- Eat more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes (such as beans)
- Limit consumption of red meats (beef, pork, lamb) and avoid processed meats.
- If consumed at all, limit alcoholic drinks to 2 for men and 1 for women each day.
- Limit consumption of salty foods and foods processed with salt (sodium).
- Don’t use supplements to prevent against cancer.
* 9. It is best for mothers to breastfeed exclusively for up to 6 months and then to add other liquids and foods.
* 10. After treatment, cancer survivors should follow the recommendations for cancer prevention.
- = special population recommendations
What should a patient consume?
Fruits and vegetables, non-starchy vegetables, whole grains, legumes
2/3 plant based diet
1/3 (or less) animal protein
