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Diet Therapy 2380 > Ch. 16 Adulthood/Elderly (tegrity) > Flashcards

Ch. 16 Adulthood/Elderly (tegrity) Flashcards

1
Q

Lifestyle Effect on Aging: Healthy habits

A

Physiological age vs chronological age

Lifestyle behaviors

  • -eating well-balanced meals
  • -engaging in physical activity
  • -not smoking
  • -abstinence or moderate use of ETOH
  • -maintaining a healthy body weight
  • -sleeping regularly and adequately
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2
Q

The Aging Process: Physiological Changes

A

Body weight - 2/3 older adults considered overweight

–moderately overweight does not negatively affect health (BMI

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3
Q

The Aging Process: Body Composition

A

Lean and bone mass decrease

Sarcopenia and osteoporosis

Optimal nutrition, sufficient protein, and regular physical activity

Obesity further contributes to sarcopenia and osteoporosis beyond lack of exercise

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4
Q

The Aging Process: Immune System

A

Loses function with age

“Inflammaging” - chronic inflammation that results in tissue damage

Inflammation is the underlying cause in most major disease and comorbid conditions

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5
Q

The Aging Process: Compromised by Nutrient Deficiencies

A

Reduced nutrient stores

Medications are less efficacious in malnourished patients

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6
Q

The Aging Process: Does regular physical activity improve immune system responses?

A

Yes

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7
Q

The Aging Process: Decline in GI Tract Function

A

Intestinal walls lose strength and elasticity = slowed motility

Diminished opposite (both physiologically and due to reduced sensory input)

Atrophic gastritis = increased risk of nutrient deficiencies

Dysphagia = swallowing dysfunction

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8
Q

The Aging Process: Tooth Loss

A

Inadequate dental care over a lifetime takes its toll

Difficult and painful chewing results in:

  • -limited food sources
  • -less dietary variety
  • -lower intakes of fiber and vitamins
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9
Q

The Aging Process: Physiological Changes

A

Depression common - effects appetite and motivation to prepare foods

Adequate exercise can stem depression

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10
Q

The Aging Process: Economic Changes

A

Living arrangements and income

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11
Q

The Aging Process: Social Change

A

Hospital and nursing home malnutrition

Malnutrition in the community is most likely among those who live alone, especially men

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12
Q

Energy and Nutrient Needs of Older Adults: Energy and Energy Nutrients

A

Energy needs decline

  • -partly due to decreased metabolic rate
  • -a lot due to decreased muscle mass
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13
Q

Energy and Nutrient Needs of Older Adults: Nutrient Needs

A

Remain high = must choose nutrient dense foods

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14
Q

Energy and Nutrient Needs of Older Adults: Protein

A

Especially important for fighting infections

Low-calorie sources

Some choose liquid nutrition supplements, but not necessary with an adequate diet in healthy adults

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15
Q

Energy and Nutrient Needs of Older Adults: CHO

A

Minimum CHO and fiber recommendations is the same

  • -consumption is typically inadequate
  • -low fiber + low fluid = constipation
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16
Q

Energy and Nutrient Needs of Older Adults: Water

A

Decreased thirst response and dry mouth queue to drink

Incased risk of dehydration

  • -dehydration associated with recurrent UTIs, pneumonia, pressure ulcers, confusion, and disorientation
  • -prevention: encourage fluids often and consume fluid-rich foods
17
Q

Energy and Nutrient Needs of Older Adults: Vitamin B12

A

Changes in stomach acidity effects absorption of B12

Fortified foods and supplements may not help

IM injections or sublingual supplements may be necessary

18
Q

Energy and Nutrient Needs of Older Adults: Vitamin D

A

Skin loses the ability to make Vitamin D and kidneys lose the ability to activate vitamin D

Must rely on fortified sources

19
Q

Energy and Nutrient Needs of Older Adults: Folate

A

Intakes of folate rich foods are often low, compounded by use of medications interfering with folate metabolism

20
Q

Energy and Nutrient Needs of Older Adults: Calcium

A

Recommendations are slightly higher than that of adults

  • -intakes are chronically lower
  • -effects???
21
Q

Energy and Nutrient Needs of Older Adults: Iron

A

Needs for men stay the same

Needs for women decrease to roughly the same as men when postmenopausal

22
Q

Nutrition-Related Concerns of Older Adults: Osteoarthritis

A

Deterioration of cartilage in the joints often associated with being overweight

Aerobic activity can help maintain weight and combined with resistance training decrease pain

23
Q

Nutrition-Related Concerns of Older Adults: Gout

A

Deposits of uric acid in joints

–uric acid develops from purines in foods = meats and seafoods

24
Q

Nutrition-Related Concerns of Older Adults: Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Autoimmune disease

Diets that can reduce inflammation = heart healthy and adequate Omega-3

Antioxidants can defend against oxidative stress alleviate some pain

25
Q

Nutrition-Related Concerns of Older Adults: The Aging Brain

A

Characteristic changes with age

  • -loss of neurons
  • -decreased blood supply

Nutrient deficiencies impacts brain function

Alzheimer’s disease = abnormal deterioration of the brain

  • -genetics and oxidative stress involved, but exact cause is unknown
  • -CVD risk factors (HTN, hyperglycemia) related to development of Alzheimer’s
  • -nutrition treatment involves planning well-liked foods that are bite-sized
26
Q

Food Choices and Eating Habits of Older Adults

A

Older people are an incredibly diverse group

  • -quality of life has improved and chronic disabilities have declined
  • -spend more money on foods to eat at home and less money on foods away rom home

Factors determining food choices

  • -same as adults = familiarity, taste, and health belief
  • -different from adults = less likely to manipulate diet for weight loss, rather for treatment of medical issue
27
Q

Food Assistance Programs

A

Nutrition Screening Initiative

  • -identify nutrition problems in older persons
  • -screening checklist

Older Americans Act Nutrition Program

  • -goal = improve nutrition status, avoid medical problems, allow them to continue living in communities and out of institutions
  • -congregate meals at group settings and meals on wheels
  • -must be over 60 to participate

Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program provides vouches of reproduce at Farmers Markets

Diet Therapy 2380 (28 decks)

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