Ch. 1 Overview of Nutrition

Question 1

What’s nutrition?

Answer 1

Study of nutrients in foods and the body’s handling of them

Question 2

What are factors that influence food choices?

Answer 2

personal preference
habits
ethnic heritage or tradition
social interactions
availability, convenience, economy
positive & negative assoc.
emotional support
values
body image
nutrition

Question 3

What’s a nutrient?

Answer 3

a substance that provides nourishment for growth and the maintenance of life

Question 4

What are macronutrients?

Answer 4

provide energy, organic

includes: CHO (carbohydrates), PRO (proteins), and FAT

Question 5

What are micronutrients?

Answer 5

do NOT provide energy

includes: vitamins, minerals, water

Question 6

What are non-nutrients?

Answer 6

fibers
phytochemicals
alcohol (ETOH)

Question 7

Which nutrient classes provide energy? How much energy is provided per gram?

Answer 7

Macronutrients provide energy.

CHO: 4 kcal/g
PRO: 4 kcal/g
FAT: 9 kcal/g
[ETOH: 7 kcal/g]

Question 8

Homer eats the following: 60g CHO, 30g PRO, 10g FAT. How many kcals has he consumed? What percent of total kcalories comes from CHO, PRO, and FAT?

Answer 8

Total kcals consumed:

• -CHO: 60g x 4kcal/g=240kcals.
• -PRO: 30g x 4kcal/g=120 kcals.
• -FAT: 10g x 9kcal/g=90 kcals.
• -Total kcals: 450 (240+120+90)

Percent of total kcalories consumed (take kcals of each divided by total number of kcals):

• -CHO: 240/450=53%
• -PRO: 120/450=27%
• -FAT: 90/450=20%

Question 9

What are kcalories?

Answer 9

1,000 calories makes up one kcalorie (kilocalorie)

Question 10

What are calories?

Answer 10

tiny units of energy

Question 11

What are joules?

Answer 11

international unit for measuring energy

Question 12

What is energy density?

Answer 12

measure of the energy of a food provides relative to the amount of food (kcal/g)

Question 13

How does ETOH resemble nutrients? Why is it not considered a nutrient?

Answer 13

ETOH resembles nutrients because it contributes 7 kcal/g. However, it is NOT considered a nutrient because it interferes with the body’s growth, maintenance, and repair

Question 14

What is the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)? What 4 parts are included in the DRI?

Answer 14

The DRI is a set of values for the dietary nutrient intakes of healthy people in the US and Canada.

Includes

• -Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
• -Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
• -Adequate Intake (AI)*
• -Tolerable Upper Intake Level (TUL)

*we use AI when we don’t have RDA

Question 15

What are the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)? How do they relate to a healthy diet?

Answer 15

The AMDR recommends:

• -45-60% kcal from CHO
• -20-35% kcal from FAT
• -10-35% kcal from PRO

AMDR is the range associated with reduced risk for chronic diseases, while providing essential nutrients like vitamins and minerals. People whose diet is outside the AMDR have the potential of increasing their risk of developing a disease of nutritional deficiency.

Question 16

What are the 5 key facts to keep in mind when using nutrient recommendations?

Answer 16

1. Estimates apply to healthy people.
2. Recommendations=targets.
3. Most nutrient recommendations intended to get through diet NOT supplements.
4. Recommendations apply to average daily intakes.
5. Each DRI category has a specific purpose.

Question 17

Essential (indispensible) Nutrients

Answer 17

nutrients the body cannot make or cannot make in sufficient quantities to meet our needs
Ex. lipids (fatty acids)