Ch. 15 Childhood (tegrity)

Question 1

Nutrition During Childhood

Answer 1

Annual growth

• -height = 2-3 in/year
• -weight: 5-6 lbs/year

Abilities change as children age
Body composition and shapes change
Appetites diminish around 1 year of age
–food intakes coincide with growth patterns

Question 2

Energy and Nutrient Needs in Childhood: Energy intakes vary from meal to meal

Answer 2

Energy needs vary widely

• -relatively (i.e.: kcal/kg) energy needs to decrease with age
• -because weight is increasing, the absolute value increases (i.e.: 800 vs 1600)

Question 3

Energy and Nutrient Needs in Childhood: Children 1-3yrs vs Children 4-18yrs

Answer 3

Children 1-3 years:
CHO 45-60%*
Fat 30-40%
PRO 5-20%

Children 4-18 years:
CHO 45-60%*
Fat 25-35%*
PRO 10-30%*

*These numbers are no different than that of an adult

Question 4

Energy and Nutrient Needs in Childhood: Fiber recommendation

Answer 4

Same as that of an adult

Question 5

Energy and Nutrient Needs in Childhood: PRO recommendation

Answer 5

Relative need decreases

• -considerations:
• ->positive nitrogen balance for growth
• ->quality of protein - some AA are considered essential in childhood

Question 6

Energy and Nutrient Needs in Childhood: Vitamins and Minerals

Answer 6

A well balanced diet will meet a growing child’s needs

Over consumption of milk may interfere with consumption of iron-rich foods and/or calcium compete with iron from absorption

Newer recommendations for vitamin D: children who do not meet needs via fortified milk and cereals should take a supplement

Question 7

Behavior and Nutrition/Food Choices: Meal skipping

Answer 7

Mainly breakfast

Associated with increased tardiness and absenteeism and decreased attention spans and IQ

Energy and nutrients are typically not “made up” during the rest of the day

Question 8

Behavior and Nutrition/Food Choices: Iron-Deficiency

Answer 8

Behavior, attention span, and learning ability decrease with iron deficiency

Effects of deficiency occur before blood effects occur

Question 9

Behavior and Nutrition/Food Choices: ADHD

Answer 9

NOT associated with diet or food additives

“Hyperactive behavior” associated with the environment where the food is consumed

Question 10

Food Allergy: Prevalence of the true food allergies in children

Answer 10

Tends to diminish with age

Question 11

Food Allergy: True food allergy

Answer 11

Immunologic response to food

Reaction may be immediate or delayed

Question 12

Food Allergy: Detecting food allergies

Answer 12

Testing for antibodies

Treatment

Question 13

Nutrition at School

Answer 13

Meals at school = federally funded

• -School Breakfast Program and National School Lunch Program
• ->nutritional adequacy - 1/3 of recommended intakes and follow the most current dietary guidelines
• -Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP)
• ->provides funds and commodity foods to eligible families
• -Competing influences at school
• ->short lunch periods and long waiting lines
• ->competing foods