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Med Term > ch 7 > Flashcards

ch 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix. A point of tenderness in acute appendicitis is known as McBurney point, located on the right side of the abdomen, 1-2 inches above the anterosuperior spine of the ilium on a line between the ilium and the umbilicus.

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2
Q

Ascites

A

Significant accumulation of serous fluid in ther peritoneal cavity.

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3
Q

Biliary

A

Pertaining to bile.

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4
Q

Bilirubin

A

Orange-colored bile pigment produced by the separation of hemoglobin into parts that are excreted by the liver cells.

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5
Q

Black Hairy Tongue

A

Condition in which the tongue is covered by hair like papillae entangled with threads produced by aspergillus niger or candida albicans fungi or by bacteria. This unusual condition could be caused by poor oral hygiene and/or over growth of fungi due to antibiotic therapy.

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6
Q

Bowel

A

Intestine; the long tube in the body that stores and then eliminates waste out of the body.

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7
Q

Buccal

A

Literally means pertaining to the cheek; relating to the cheek or mouth.

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8
Q

Catabolism

A

Literally a casting-down; in metabolism a breaking-down of complex substances into more basic elements.

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9
Q

Celiac

A

Pertaining to the abdomen.

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10
Q

Cheilosis

A

Abnormal condition of the lip as seen in riboflavin and other B-complex deficiencies.

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11
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Surgical excision of the gallbladder. With laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the gallbladder is removed through a small incision near the navel. Gallstones (cholelithiasis) are usually present in the removed gallbladder.

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12
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder.

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13
Q

Choledochotomy

A

Surgical incision of the common bile duct.

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14
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic degenerative liver disease characterized by changes in the lobes; parenchymal cells and the lobules are infiltrated with fat.

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15
Q

Colectomy

A

Surgical excision of part of the colon.

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16
Q

Colon Cancer

A

Malignancy of the colon; sometimes called colorectal cancer.

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17
Q

Colonoscope

A

Thin, lighted, flexible instrument that is used to view the interior of the color during a colonoscopy.

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18
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Visual examination of the colon via a colonoscope.

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19
Q

Colostomy

A

A surgical procedure that brings one end of the large intestine out through and opening (stoma) made in the abdominal wall. Stoll moving through the intestine drains through the stoma into a bag attached to the abdomen. A colostomy can be permanent or temporary. The most common types are transverse, descending, and sigmoid, so named due to the site of the disorder and the location of the stoma.

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20
Q

Constipation

A

Infrequent passage of unduly hard and dry feces; difficult defecation.

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21
Q

Chron Disease

A

Chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract but most commonly occurs in the ileum.

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22
Q

Dentalgia

A

Pain in a tooth; toothache.

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23
Q

Dentition

A

Type, number, and arrangement of teeth in the dental arch.

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24
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent passage of unformed watery stool.

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25
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of the diverticula (pouches in the walls of an organ) in the colon. Symptoms include pain, fever, chills, cramping, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. Treatment depends on the severity of the condition.

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26
Q

Duodenal

A

Pertaining to the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.

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27
Q

Dysentery

A

An intestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane.

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28
Q

Dypepsia

A

Difficulty in digestion; indigestion.

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29
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing.

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30
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting.

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31
Q

Enteric

A

Pertaining to the small intestine.

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32
Q

Enteritis

A

Inflammation of the small intestine.

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33
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein substance capable of causing rapid chemical changes in other substances without being changed itself.

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34
Q

Epigastric

A

Pertaining to the region above the stomach.

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35
Q

Esophageal

A

Pertaining to the esophagus.

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36
Q

Feces

A

Body waste discharged from the bowel by way of the anus; also called bowel movement (BM), stool, excreta.

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37
Q

Flatus

A

Literally means blowing in Latin; the expelling of gas from the anus. The average person passes 400-1200mL of gas each day.

38
Q

Gastrectomy

A

Surgical excision of a part of or the whole stomach.

39
Q

Gastric

A

Pertaining to the stomach.

40
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and intestine.

41
Q

Gastroenterologist

A

Physician who specializes in the stomach and intestine.

42
Q

Gastroenterology

A

Study of the stomach and intestine.

43
Q

Gastroesophageal

A

Pertaining to the stomach and esophagus.

44
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

Condition that occurs when the muscle between the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter, is weak or relaxes inappropriately, allowing the stomach’s contents to back up (reflux) into the esophagus. Symptoms include heartburn, belching, and regurgitating of food.

45
Q

Gavage

A

To feed liquid or semiliquid food via a tube (stomach or nasogastric[NG]).

46
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums.

47
Q

Glossectomy

A

Partial or complete surgical excision of the tongue.

48
Q

Glycogenesis

A

Formation of glycogen from glucose.

49
Q

Halitosis

A

Bad breath.

50
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting of blood.

51
Q

Hemorrhoid

A

Mass of dilated, tortuous veins in the anorectum; can be internal or external.

52
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver.

53
Q

Hernia

A

Abnormal protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the body cavity that normally contains it. A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach moves up into the chest through a small opening in the diaphragm. An umbilical hernia occurs when part of the intestine protrudes through an opening in the abdominal muscles.

54
Q

Herniorrhaphy

A

Surgical repair of a hernia.

55
Q

Hyperemesis

A

Excessive vomiting.

56
Q

Hypogastric

A

Pertaining to below the stomach.

57
Q

Ileostomy

A

The surgical creation of a new opening through the abdominal wall into the ileum.

58
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

A

Broad term that describes conditions with chronic or recurring abnormal immune response and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two most common inflammatory bowel diseases are ulcerative colitis (UC) (inflammation of the large intestine) and Crohn disease (CD) (inflammation of any portion of the digestive tract).

59
Q

Intussusception

A

The slipping or telescoping of one part of an intestine into another part just below it; noted chiefly in children and occurring in the ileocecal region.

60
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

A

Disorder that affects the muscular contractions of the colon and interferes with its normal functioning; characterized by a group of symptoms, including crampy abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea.

61
Q

Labial

A

Pertaining to the lip.

62
Q

Laparotomy

A

Surgical incision into the abdomen.

63
Q

Lavage

A

To wash out a cavity. Gastric lavage is used to remove or dilute gastric contents in cases of acute poisoning or ingestion of a caustic substance. Vomiting should not be induced. A closed-system irrigation uses an ordered amount of solution until the desired results are obtained.

64
Q

Laxative

A

Substance that acts to loosen the bowel.

65
Q

Lingual

A

Pertaining to the tongue.

66
Q

Malabsoption

A

An inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract.

67
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing; the physical breaking-up of food and mixing with saliva in the mouth.

68
Q

Melena

A

Black tarry feces (stool) that has a distinctive odor and contains digested blood; usually results from bleeding in the upper GI tract; can be a sign of a peptic ulcer.

69
Q

Mesentery

A

Pertaining to peritoneal fold encircling the small intestine and connecting the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall.

70
Q

Nausea

A

Uncomfortable feeling of the inclination to vomit.

71
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas.

72
Q

Paralytic Ileus

A

Paralysis of the intestines that causes distention and symptoms of acute bowel obstruction and inactivity.

73
Q

Peptic

A

Pertaining to gastric digestion.

74
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

A

Disease in which an ulcer forms in the mucosal wall of the stomach, the pylorus, the duodenum, or the esophagus.

75
Q

Periodontal

A

Pertaining to the area around a tooth.

76
Q

Periodontal Disease

A

Inflammation and degeneration of the gums and surrounding bone, which frequently causes loss of teeth.

77
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wavelike contractions that occur involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the alimentary canal.

78
Q

Pharyngeal

A

Pertaining to the pharynx

79
Q

Pilonidal Cyst

A

Closed sac in the crease of the sacrococcygeal region caused by a developmental defect that permits epithelial tissue and hair to be trapped below the skin and cause pain or swelling above the area of the anus or near the tailbone.

80
Q

Postprandial (PP)

A

Pertaining to after a meal.

81
Q

Probiotics

A

Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the digestive system.

82
Q

Proctoscope

A

An instrument used in a medical procedure to view the interior of the rectal cavity; a short (10in or 25cm long) straight, rigid, hollow metal tube, usually with a small light bulb mounted at the end.

83
Q

Pyloric

A

Pertaining to the gatekeeper, the opening between the stomach and the duodenum.

84
Q

Rectocele

A

Hernia of part of the rectum into the vagina.

85
Q

Sialadenitis

A

Inflammation of a salivary gland.

86
Q

Sigmoidoscope

A

An instrument used in a medical procedure to view the interior of the sigmoid colon.

87
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlargement of the spleen.

88
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth.

89
Q

Sublingual

A

Pertaining to below the tongue.

90
Q

Ulcerative Colitis (UC)

A

Disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine. The inflammation usually occurs in the rectum and lower part of the colon but can affect the entire colon; also called colitis or proctitis.

91
Q

Vermiform

A

Shaped like a worm; the vermiform appendix is so named because of its wormlike shape.

92
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the bowel on itself that causes an obstruction.

Med Term (20 decks)

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